【摘要】：職工執(zhí)行職務(wù)遭受意外傷害或罹患職業(yè)病,是工業(yè)革命以來的重要社會問題。在現(xiàn)代社會,工傷事故能夠引發(fā)多種民事責(zé)任,而各種民事責(zé)任的內(nèi)容以及各種民事責(zé)任之間的關(guān)系如何處理,一直是理論和實(shí)務(wù)部門努力研究、解決的問題,本文分三部分,對此問題做了簡要梳理。 第一部分首先從理論和立法上界定職工的概念,其次通過明確工傷事故的構(gòu)成要件和法定范圍界定了工傷事故的內(nèi)涵和外延,然后解釋民事責(zé)任的意義,這樣逐層界定出工傷事故的民事責(zé)任。 第二部分分別敘述了工傷事故引發(fā)的四種民事責(zé)任。首先是合同責(zé)任。由于雇用合同中雇主對職工負(fù)有安全照顧義務(wù),發(fā)生工傷事故即是雇主未能履行該義務(wù),構(gòu)成違約責(zé)任。其次是侵權(quán)責(zé)任。工傷事故引發(fā)侵權(quán)責(zé)任適用的歸責(zé)原則,經(jīng)歷了從過錯原則到無過錯原則的轉(zhuǎn)變。工傷事故侵權(quán)根據(jù)侵害來源不同,可分為雇主侵權(quán)、同事侵權(quán)和第三人侵權(quán)三種類型。工傷事故的損害賠償責(zé)任范圍最廣,包括物質(zhì)損害和精神損害。再者是商業(yè)保險責(zé)任。與工傷事故有關(guān)的商業(yè)保險主要是雇主責(zé)任保險和人身意外傷害保險,發(fā)生工傷事故后根據(jù)保單的規(guī)定理賠。最后是社會保險責(zé)任。現(xiàn)代國家普遍建立了工傷保險制度,以及時、有效地補(bǔ)償受害人的損失。我國的工傷保險制度建立時間不長,不能充分保障職工的權(quán)益,需要確立預(yù)防為主的理念,不斷改進(jìn)制度設(shè)計。 第三部分分析了各種民事責(zé)任之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)于合同責(zé)任與侵權(quán)責(zé)任的競合,現(xiàn)在的通說是兩種請求權(quán)擇一行使。關(guān)于侵權(quán)責(zé)任與商業(yè)保險的關(guān)系,主要分析了后者對前者的積極影響和消極影響,保險制度并不能完全消滅侵權(quán)制度。關(guān)于侵權(quán)責(zé)任和工傷事故保險責(zé)任的關(guān)系,目前沒有統(tǒng)一定論,筆者主張目前應(yīng)采混合模式,即一般情況下適用替代模式,第三人侵權(quán)造成工傷事故的適用補(bǔ)充模式。關(guān)于商業(yè)保險與社會保險的關(guān)系,筆者認(rèn)為前者為基本保險,后者為次要保險,而由前者負(fù)終局性給付義務(wù)。
[Abstract]:It is an important social problem for workers to suffer from accidental injury or occupational disease while performing their duties. In modern society, industrial accidents can lead to a variety of civil liability, and the content of various civil liability and how to deal with the relationship between various civil liabilities, has been the theoretical and practical departments to study and solve the problem, this paper is divided into three parts, This problem is briefly combed out. The first part defines the concept of workers in theory and legislation, and then defines the connotation and extension of industrial accidents by clarifying the constituent elements and legal scope of industrial accidents, and then explains the significance of civil liability. In this way, the civil liability of industrial accidents is defined layer by layer. The second part describes four kinds of civil liability caused by industrial accidents. The first is contractual liability. Because the employer has the duty to take care of the employees in the employment contract, the employer fails to fulfill the obligation and constitutes the responsibility of breach of contract. The second is tort liability. The principle of liability for tort caused by industrial accidents has changed from fault principle to no-fault principle. According to the source of infringement, industrial accident tort can be divided into three types: employer tort, colleague tort and third party tort. The damage liability of industrial accidents is the most extensive, including material damage and moral damage. Another is commercial insurance liability. The commercial insurance related to industrial accidents is mainly employer liability insurance and personal accident insurance. Finally, social insurance liability. In modern countries, industrial injury insurance system has been established in order to compensate the victims in time and effectively. The industrial injury insurance system in our country has not been established for a long time, which can not fully protect the rights and interests of workers and staff, so it is necessary to establish the concept of prevention and to improve the design of the system. The third part analyzes the relationship between various kinds of civil liability. As to the concurrence between the contract liability and the tort liability, the current general theory is the exercise of the two kinds of claims. On the relationship between tort liability and commercial insurance, this paper mainly analyzes the positive and negative effects of the latter on the former, and the insurance system can not completely eliminate the tort system. There is no unified conclusion on the relationship between liability for tort and liability for insurance against industrial accidents. The author argues that the mixed mode should be adopted at present, that is, the alternative mode should be applied under general circumstances, and the applicable supplementary mode of the third party's tort should be applied to the injury accident caused by the infringement of the third party. As to the relationship between commercial insurance and social insurance, the author holds that the former is basic insurance, the latter is secondary insurance, and the former bears the obligation of final payment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.5;D923

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