【摘要】：在我國(guó)勞動(dòng)領(lǐng)域中,為何休息權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)狀況不容樂觀?人們通常將原因歸結(jié)為:法律制度不健全、勞動(dòng)行政部門執(zhí)法不嚴(yán)、用人單位不遵守法律、勞動(dòng)者權(quán)利意識(shí)薄弱等等。然而本文認(rèn)為,以上解釋進(jìn)路與其說是對(duì)休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)困境的解釋,不如說只是對(duì)困境的客觀描述。本文提出,應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)分休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)困境的“病征”與“癥結(jié)”,在權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)的真實(shí)場(chǎng)域中,去發(fā)掘權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)困境產(chǎn)生的深層原因。因此,本文的預(yù)期目標(biāo)是:在把握休息權(quán)歷史發(fā)展規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)展一種新的、以權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn)為主線的解釋路徑,用以解讀休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中所面臨的困境,最終為促進(jìn)休息權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)尋求新的理論出路。受馬克思“勞動(dòng)異化”理論的啟發(fā),本文經(jīng)過觀念與概念分析后提出:休息權(quán)研究的根本問題,是社會(huì)時(shí)間如何通過規(guī)范的方式進(jìn)行分配的問題;作為自然權(quán)利的休息權(quán)屬于每一個(gè)自然人,而作為法律權(quán)利的休息權(quán)則屬于特定法律關(guān)系中的特定主體;在勞動(dòng)法律關(guān)系中,休息權(quán)的內(nèi)在矛盾并非“休息與勞動(dòng)”,而是“休息與異化勞動(dòng)”,休息與異化勞動(dòng)之間的矛盾構(gòu)成了休息權(quán)所調(diào)整的社會(huì)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。因此,本文研究的對(duì)象將限定為:異化勞動(dòng)中人們圍繞勞動(dòng)時(shí)間與自由時(shí)間如何分配而形成的制度化的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系。本文提出一個(gè)由兩個(gè)主要變量構(gòu)成的分析框架:基于時(shí)間利益而形成的利益博弈關(guān)系;以及圍繞其產(chǎn)生的制度化的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系。兩個(gè)變量對(duì)應(yīng)著休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)要素:時(shí)間利益分配平衡與制度規(guī)范形式合理。時(shí)間分配與制度規(guī)范二者相互作用,共同構(gòu)成了動(dòng)態(tài)的、真實(shí)的休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制。休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制的內(nèi)在動(dòng)因在于時(shí)間利益的分配博弈,其形式特征在于休息權(quán)規(guī)范的制度化與再制度化。休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的困境來自多個(gè)方面,根據(jù)本文提出的分析框架,本文將從規(guī)范與經(jīng)驗(yàn)兩個(gè)層面入手,對(duì)休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的困境展開分析。通過分析后發(fā)現(xiàn):在規(guī)范層面中,制度在概念與邏輯等方面若存在瑕疵,便會(huì)導(dǎo)致規(guī)范體系出現(xiàn)邏輯斷裂甚至是自相矛盾之處,進(jìn)而在規(guī)范適用中引發(fā)權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)的困境;在經(jīng)驗(yàn)層面中,真實(shí)的權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)過程不僅受制于制度規(guī)范的約束,權(quán)利活動(dòng)參與者的客觀情況與主觀認(rèn)識(shí)同樣會(huì)對(duì)權(quán)利活動(dòng)的結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響。因此,本文從制度與觀念兩個(gè)層面來對(duì)機(jī)制障礙進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)而提出:應(yīng)當(dāng)在制度上賦予勞動(dòng)者平等的法律地位,消除狹義的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系對(duì)休息權(quán)主體的約束,將公務(wù)員、律師、出租車司機(jī)等非勞動(dòng)法主體重新納入制度的保護(hù)范圍。應(yīng)當(dāng)在觀念上厘清休息權(quán)所保護(hù)的自由時(shí)間利益與自由時(shí)間的經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償利益之間的關(guān)聯(lián)與差別,明確“自由時(shí)間為主、經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償為輔”的休息權(quán)觀�？朔䴔C(jī)制障礙的兩項(xiàng)基本原則在于:觀念上應(yīng)當(dāng)以權(quán)利的方式對(duì)待休息,尊重并承認(rèn)休息權(quán)所調(diào)整的各方主體的合法利益;制度上要打通休息權(quán)制度化與再制度化的交流路徑,使制度能夠及時(shí)的對(duì)民眾需求做出反饋。綜上所述,以時(shí)間利益分配平衡與制度規(guī)范形式合理兩個(gè)要素來構(gòu)建休息權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制,是克服我國(guó)當(dāng)下勞動(dòng)領(lǐng)域中休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)困境的根本途徑。新的分析框架有助于研究發(fā)現(xiàn)休息權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)中的真實(shí)困境,并為解釋困境產(chǎn)生的深層原因提供可操作的分析工具,最終為改善休息權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)狀況貢獻(xiàn)新的思路。
[Abstract]:In the labor field of our country, why is the realization of the right to rest not optimistic? People usually attribute the reasons to: the legal system is not sound, the labor administrative department law enforcement is not strict, employers do not abide by the law, weak awareness of workers'rights and so on. In this paper, we should distinguish the "symptoms" and "crux" of the dilemma of the realization of the right to rest, and explore the underlying causes of the dilemma of the realization of the right in the real field of the realization of the right. Inspired by Marx's theory of "labor alienation", this paper puts forward that the fundamental problem in the study of the right to rest is how social time is. The right to rest, as a natural right, belongs to every natural person, while the right to rest, as a legal right, belongs to a specific subject in a particular legal relationship. In labor legal relations, the inherent contradiction of the right to rest is not "rest and labor", but "rest and alienated labor", rest and rest and alienation. The contradiction between alienated labor forms the basis of social relations regulated by the right to rest. Therefore, the object of this study will be limited to: the institutionalized relationship of rights and obligations formed in alienated labor around the allocation of labor time and free time. The two variables correspond to the two elements of the realization of the right to rest: the balance of time benefit distribution and the rational form of institutional norms. The intrinsic motivation of the realization mechanism of the right to rest lies in the distribution game of time interests, and its formal characteristics lie in the institutionalization and re-institutionalization of the norms of the right to rest. Through the analysis, it is found that in the normative level, if there are flaws in the concept and logic of the system, it will lead to the logical breakage or even self-contradiction of the normative system, and then lead to the dilemma of the realization of rights in the application of the norms; in the empirical level, the process of the realization of real rights is not only subject to the constraints of the norms of the system. The objective and subjective conditions of the participants in the right activities will also have an impact on the results of the right activities. Therefore, this paper analyzes the mechanism obstacles from two aspects of system and concept, and then puts forward that laborers should be given equal legal status in the system, and the restriction of the narrow labor relations on the subject of the right to rest should be eliminated. Civil servants, lawyers, taxi drivers and other non-labor law subjects should be re-included in the protection of the system. The relationship and difference between the interests of free time protected by the right to rest and the interests of economic compensation for free time should be clarified in concept, and the concept of "free time is the main thing, economic compensation is the supplement" should be clarified. The two basic principles are as follows: conceptually, we should treat rest as a right, respect and recognize the legitimate interests of the parties adjusted by the right to rest; and institutionally, we should open the communication path between institutionalization and re-institutionalization of the right to rest so that the system can give timely feedback to the needs of the people. It is the fundamental way to overcome the predicament of the realization of the right to rest in the current labor field in our country to construct the mechanism of the realization of the right to rest by two elements of the rational form of institutional norms. The realization of the right to rest is a new way of thinking.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.5
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本文編號(hào)：2197391