本文選題：就業(yè) + 基因歧視�。� 參考：《廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在人類基因組計(jì)劃實(shí)施的初期,一個(gè)研究倫理、法律和社會(huì)問題的子計(jì)劃同步產(chǎn)生,有識(shí)之士們擔(dān)心隨著人體更多遺傳密碼的破解,會(huì)給人類帶來倫理道德和法律方面的挑戰(zhàn)。目前在就業(yè)和保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的基因歧視有力的證明了當(dāng)初人們的擔(dān)憂并非杞人憂天。就業(yè)基因歧視是用人單位基于勞動(dòng)者身體中含有某種缺陷基因而對其實(shí)施的不合理不公正排斥性的區(qū)別對待。它侵犯了勞動(dòng)者平等就業(yè)、參與公平競爭的權(quán)利和自由�；蛐畔⒕哂须[私的法律屬性,基因信息在職場的流通侵犯了勞動(dòng)者的隱私權(quán)。用法律手段規(guī)制就業(yè)基因歧視是保護(hù)公民就業(yè)平等權(quán)和隱私權(quán),保護(hù)人性尊嚴(yán)和人格平等,保護(hù)基因科技良性健康發(fā)展的需要。目前在我國職場已經(jīng)接連發(fā)生基因歧視事件,并且有蔓延的趨勢,人為造成了社會(huì)的不公,此時(shí)進(jìn)行法律規(guī)制有其現(xiàn)實(shí)必要性。我國目前要面對的就是反就業(yè)基因歧視法律制度的建設(shè)。國際上許多國家都進(jìn)行了相關(guān)立法實(shí)踐,如美國、瑞士、奧地利、挪威、澳大利亞等制定了專門法律,保護(hù)基因隱私,禁止雇傭領(lǐng)域的基因歧視。英國雖沒有專門法律,但在其他法律文件中禁止雇主基于基因信息的差異解雇勞動(dòng)者。美國和澳大利亞的反就業(yè)基因歧視法律相對比較完善,美國的《反基因歧視法》規(guī)定了限制雇主獲得雇員的基因信息,雇主對基因信息的保密和披露,行政救濟(jì)和司法救濟(jì),法律責(zé)任,設(shè)立專門研究機(jī)構(gòu)等。澳大利亞的《基因信息非歧視法案》詳細(xì)規(guī)定了基因信息隱私的保護(hù)制度。我國有必要在借鑒國外的經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國本土元素設(shè)計(jì)反就業(yè)基因歧視法律制度。在立法模式上完善《就業(yè)促進(jìn)法》,設(shè)專章“基因歧視”,將基因隱私納入隱私權(quán)范疇,考慮到我國地區(qū)差異性,可以靈活的出臺(tái)地方法規(guī)和規(guī)章。法律規(guī)制原則堅(jiān)持基因隱私權(quán)優(yōu)于用人單位知情權(quán)原則和預(yù)防與懲罰相結(jié)合原則。在具體內(nèi)容上,限制用人單位獲得基因信息,完善司法救濟(jì)中舉證責(zé)任,規(guī)定就業(yè)基因歧視的認(rèn)定,成立反就業(yè)基因歧視專門法律,以及加強(qiáng)政府的作用等。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the implementation of the Human Genome Project, a sub-plan on ethical, legal and social issues emerged simultaneously, and people of insight feared that as more genetic codes were broken in the human body, ethical and legal challenges would be brought to mankind. The current genetic discrimination in employment and insurance is a powerful testament to concerns. Employment genetic discrimination is an unfair and unfair discrimination that employers implement on the basis of the existence of some defective genes in the workers' bodies. It infringes workers' right to equal employment and fair competition. Genetic information has the legal attribute of privacy, and the circulation of genetic information in the workplace infringes the workers' privacy. It is necessary to regulate employment gene discrimination by legal means to protect citizens' equal right to employment and privacy, to protect human dignity and personality equality, and to protect the healthy development of gene science and technology. At present, genetic discrimination has occurred successively in the workplace in our country, and it has the tendency of spreading, which has caused the social injustice artificially. At this time, it is necessary to carry on the legal regulation. What our country must face at present is the construction of the anti-employment gene discrimination legal system. Many countries in the world have carried on the relevant legislation practice, such as the United States, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Australia and other special laws to protect gene privacy, prohibit gene discrimination in the field of employment. There is no specific law in Britain, but other legal documents prohibit employers from firing workers on the basis of genetic differences. The anti-employment genetic discrimination laws in the United States and Australia are relatively perfect. In the United States, the "Anti-Genome Discrimination Act" stipulates restrictions on employers' access to genetic information of employees, employers' confidentiality and disclosure of genetic information, administrative relief and judicial relief. Legal liability, the establishment of special research institutions, etc. Australia's genetic Information non-discrimination Act details the protection of genetic information privacy. It is necessary to design an anti-employment gene discrimination legal system based on the experience of foreign countries and our native elements. Perfect the Employment Promotion Law in the legislative model, set up a special chapter "Gene Discrimination", bring gene privacy into the category of privacy, take into account the regional differences in our country, can issue local laws and regulations flexibly. The principle of legal regulation adheres to the principle of genetic privacy superior to the right to know of employers and the principle of combination of prevention and punishment. In the specific content, it limits the employer to obtain genetic information, consummates the burden of proof in the judicial relief, prescribes the recognition of employment gene discrimination, establishes a special law against employment gene discrimination, and strengthens the role of the government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.5

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本文編號：1995434