本文選題：社會(huì)保障法　切入點(diǎn)：地位　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2001年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 社會(huì)保障是指國(guó)家通過(guò)制定各種措施，使社會(huì)成員在年老、患病、失業(yè)、遭遇災(zāi)害或喪失勞動(dòng)能力的情況下，能夠獲得一定的幫助，以保障社會(huì)成員的基本生活需要。它既是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，也是一種法律制度。我國(guó)目前正處在社會(huì)保障制度改革、完善和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，但國(guó)內(nèi)許多專(zhuān)家、學(xué)者對(duì)于社會(huì)保障法的一些基本理論問(wèn)題以及我國(guó)應(yīng)如何加強(qiáng)立法，構(gòu)建完整的社會(huì)保障法體系，意見(jiàn)分歧較大。本文著重就社會(huì)保障法的地位、性質(zhì)、基本原則、法律關(guān)系、立法等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了初步探討和研究。 盡管社會(huì)保障法與社會(huì)法存在著包含與被包含，與勞動(dòng)法、經(jīng)濟(jì)法存在著重疊和交叉的關(guān)系，但它仍應(yīng)是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的法律部門(mén)。其理由如下：第一，從調(diào)整對(duì)象看，社會(huì)保障法有其獨(dú)立的、特殊的調(diào)整對(duì)象；第二，從法規(guī)數(shù)量看，已頒布的法律文件已足夠構(gòu)成一個(gè)法律部門(mén)；第三，從法規(guī)內(nèi)容看，涉及社會(huì)保障方面的法律、法規(guī)也可形成一個(gè)法律部門(mén)體系；第四，從調(diào)整方法及對(duì)違法行為的制裁形式看，社會(huì)保障法有它自己的特色。它不僅應(yīng)是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的法律部門(mén)，而且和民法、刑法、勞動(dòng)法等其他部門(mén)法一樣，是屬于僅次于憲法的一個(gè)部門(mén)法。 就社會(huì)保障法的性質(zhì)來(lái)說(shuō)，它應(yīng)該包括以下幾個(gè)方面：社會(huì)保障法為公法，而不是公法、私法的融合或結(jié)合；社會(huì)保障法為人法，以人為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，體現(xiàn)了人道主義精神；社會(huì)保障法為生存權(quán)利保障法，保障社會(huì)成員的基本生存和生活；社會(huì)保障法為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的基本法，和經(jīng)濟(jì)法、民商法等其它法律一樣，都對(duì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展起著調(diào)整、規(guī)范和支持作用；社會(huì)保障法為實(shí)體法，而不是實(shí)體法與程序法的統(tǒng)一體；社會(huì)保障法是以強(qiáng)制性規(guī)范為主的法，，這是由社會(huì)保障自身的特性決定的。 我國(guó)社會(huì)保障法的基本原則應(yīng)包括：普遍性與選擇性相結(jié)合原則、權(quán)利義務(wù)相一致原則、公平與效率兼顧原則、社會(huì)保障水平與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 相適應(yīng)原則、國(guó)家保障與社會(huì)保障相結(jié)合原則。我國(guó)的國(guó)情及社會(huì)保 障自身的特點(diǎn)決定了我國(guó)目前的社會(huì)保障法還只能貫徹這五個(gè)基本原 則，而不是僅貫徹普遍性原則、權(quán)利性原則、公平原則、提高社會(huì)保障水 平原則、國(guó)家保障原則。 任何法律關(guān)系都由主體、內(nèi)容和客體三個(gè)要素構(gòu)成，社會(huì)保障法律 關(guān)系也不例外。其構(gòu)成要素之一的主體包括:國(guó)家或政府、社會(huì)保障實(shí) 施機(jī)構(gòu)、企業(yè)或個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織、社會(huì)成員或勞動(dòng)者;其構(gòu)成要素之二的 內(nèi)容在權(quán)利與義務(wù)的關(guān)系方面具有與其它法律關(guān)系不同的特點(diǎn)，即義 務(wù)在先，權(quán)利在后，而且兩者也并非完全對(duì)應(yīng);其構(gòu)成要素之三的客體 包括:物、行為、人格利益。社會(huì)保障法律關(guān)系與其它法律關(guān)系相比較， 具有強(qiáng)制性、廣泛性和復(fù)雜性的特點(diǎn)，在其客體當(dāng)中，最常見(jiàn)、最主要的 客體不是物，而是人格利益。 我國(guó)當(dāng)前的社會(huì)保障立法工作存在著很多缺陷，主要表現(xiàn)為:缺乏 整體規(guī)劃、體系殘缺不全，立法空白很多;法律少，行政法規(guī)多，立法層 次低;立法主體多元，立法層次無(wú)序，立法體系極不規(guī)范;立法發(fā)展不平 衡;地方立法畸形“繁榮”;法律規(guī)范存在無(wú)法律責(zé)任和制裁措施的缺 陷，強(qiáng)制力低，實(shí)施機(jī)制弱化。針對(duì)以上存在的問(wèn)題，此項(xiàng)工作應(yīng)作如 下改進(jìn):社會(huì)保障立法應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個(gè)立法規(guī)劃，應(yīng)注意由地方向中央發(fā) 展，由分散向相對(duì)集中發(fā)展，由行政向人大發(fā)展;此外，還應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)行的社 會(huì)保障單行法規(guī)進(jìn)行清理，強(qiáng)化社會(huì)保障法律制度的實(shí)施機(jī)制，完善司 法保障措施。就我國(guó)社會(huì)保障立法模式來(lái)說(shuō)，我國(guó)宜采取“一法統(tǒng)馭多 法”的立法模式。在重構(gòu)適應(yīng)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的社會(huì)保障法體 系時(shí)，應(yīng)重視和研究一些相關(guān)問(wèn)題，如應(yīng)考慮和顧及我國(guó)的基本國(guó)情; 應(yīng)結(jié)合我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制過(guò)渡性的特點(diǎn)，注重立法的超前性;應(yīng)解決好和各 個(gè)法律部門(mén)的相互配套和銜接;應(yīng)制定社會(huì)保障基金法來(lái)規(guī)范社會(huì)保 障基金的運(yùn)營(yíng)，以確保其保值、增值;應(yīng)加強(qiáng)法學(xué)與社會(huì)保障學(xué)的跨學(xué) 科研究;應(yīng)借鑒國(guó)外社會(huì)保障立法的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但也應(yīng)注意本土化。
[Abstract]:Social security refers to the country through the development of a variety of measures, the members of the society in old age, illness, unemployment, disaster or lose labor ability, can get some help, in order to guarantee the basic life of social members. It is a kind of economic system, is also a kind of legal system of our country is in the society. Security system reform, the key period of development and perfection, but many domestic experts and scholars, some of the basic theory of social security law and how our country should strengthen the legislation, to build complete social security system, large differences of opinion. This article focuses on the status of the social security law, nature, basic principles, legal relationship, for the preliminary discussion and Study on legislation and other issues.
Although the social security law and social law are included and included, and labor law, economic law exist overlap and cross relations, but it should still be an independent legal department. The reasons are as follows: first, from the adjustment object, the social security law has its independent adjustment object, special; second, from the number of regulations, legal documents have been issued is enough to constitute a legal department; third, from the laws and regulations content, relates to social security laws and regulations can also form a legal department system; fourth, the adjustment method and sanctions for violations of the law form, social security has its own features. It should not only be an independent law department, and civil law, criminal law, labor law, is a constitutional law. Only belongs to the Department
The nature of social security law, it should include the following aspects: the social security law as a public law, instead of public law, private law integration or combination; the social security act as law, by the artificial starting point, embodies the spirit of humanitarianism; social security law for survival right safeguard law, basic survival and living security the members of the society; the social security law is the basic law of the modern society, and economic law, civil law and other laws, plays an adjustment to the development of market economy, standardize and support; social security law as substantive law, rather than substantive law and procedural law unity; social security law is mandatory specification based method, which is decided by the social security of its own characteristics.
The basic principles of China's social security law should include the principle of universality and selectivity, the principle of consistency of rights and obligations, the principle of fairness and efficiency, social security level and economic development.
The principle of adaptation, the principle of the combination of state security and social security. The national conditions and social security of our country
The characteristics of the barrier itself determine that the current social security law can only carry out the five basic sources.
Instead of carrying out the principle of universality, the principle of rights, the principle of fairness, and the improvement of social security water
The plain is the principle of national security.
Any legal relationship is composed of three elements, the subject, the content and the object, and the social security law
Relationship is no exception. One of its components includes the state or government, social security.
An institution, an enterprise, or an individual economic organization, a member of a society, or a worker; two of its constituent elements.
The content is different from other legal relations in relation to rights and obligations, that is, meaning
In the first place, the right is in the post, and the two are not completely corresponding; the object of the three of its constituent elements
Including: things, behavior, personality interests. Social security legal relations are compared with other legal relations.
Having the characteristics of compulsion, universality and complexity, among its objects, the most common and most important
The object is not the object, but the personal interest.
There are many defects in the current social security legislation in our country, which is mainly manifested in the lack of the law.
Overall planning, the system is incomplete and there are many gaps in the legislation; there are few laws, many administrative laws and regulations, and the legislative level
Second low; the legislative body is pluralistic, the legislative level is disordered, the legislative system is very unstandard; the legislative development is unequal
The deformed "prosperity" of local legislation; the absence of legal responsibility and the lack of sanctions.
In view of the above problems, this work should be done as a result of the above problems.
Further improvement: the legislation of social security legislation should have a legislative plan, and should be paid attention to the direction from the ground.
Exhibition, from decentralization to relatively concentrated development, from the administration to the people's Congress, and in addition to the current society.
It will guarantee the cleaning of the single line laws and regulations, strengthen the implementation mechanism of the social security legal system, and improve the Department.
Method of security measures. The legislative mode of social security in our country, China should adopt a "one law controlling more
The legislative model of "law" in reconstructing the social security law adapted to the socialist market economy in China
In our department, we should pay attention to and study some related issues, such as taking into account and taking into account the basic national conditions of our country.
We should combine the transitional characteristics of our country's economic system and pay attention to the advance of legislation; it should be solved well and all of them should be solved.
The social security fund law should be formulated to regulate social security.
The operation of the barrier fund to ensure its value preservation and appreciation; should strengthen the study of law and social security.
We should learn from the experience of foreign social security legislation, but should also pay attention to localization.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.182.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 王瑩;南京國(guó)民政府福利立法研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2008年

2 邵黎;德國(guó)社會(huì)保障法律制度對(duì)我國(guó)的借鑒意義[D];西南政法大學(xué);2008年

3 杜樂(lè)其;和諧社會(huì)語(yǔ)境下公民社會(huì)保障權(quán)的法律保障[D];江蘇大學(xué);2008年

4 霍玉婷;美國(guó)社會(huì)保障制度發(fā)展沿革及對(duì)中國(guó)的啟示[D];河北大學(xué);2009年

5 董默;《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》第24條公平分擔(dān)損失的適用探討[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

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