發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-22 01:22

【摘要】： 缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度在當(dāng)今世界各國特別是發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)普遍建立和實(shí)施,實(shí)踐證明,召回制度對(duì)于提高生產(chǎn)者和銷售者的質(zhì)量意識(shí)、誠信意識(shí),促進(jìn)企業(yè)主動(dòng)加大技術(shù)和安全環(huán)保領(lǐng)域的投入,規(guī)范市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序等方面都具有不可替代的重要作用。其是針對(duì)已經(jīng)流入市場的缺陷產(chǎn)品而建立的。所謂缺陷產(chǎn)品,是指因產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)上的失誤或生產(chǎn)線某環(huán)節(jié)上出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤而產(chǎn)生的,大批量危及消費(fèi)者人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)安全或危害環(huán)境的產(chǎn)品。由于缺陷產(chǎn)品往往具有批量性的特點(diǎn),因此當(dāng)這些產(chǎn)品投放到市場后,如不加以干預(yù),其潛在的危害是巨大的,有可能對(duì)不特定的消費(fèi)者的生命、財(cái)產(chǎn)安全或環(huán)境造成損害。如果不及時(shí)采取措施,就會(huì)延誤迅速在社會(huì)上消除隱患的時(shí)機(jī),使損害進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。我國缺陷產(chǎn)品召回立法起步較晚,直至2004年3月5日方才頒布《中華人民共和國缺陷汽車產(chǎn)品召回管理規(guī)定》,從2004年10月1日起開始實(shí)施。雖然我國對(duì)于缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度已經(jīng)在一定范圍進(jìn)行探索和實(shí)踐,但迄今為止,尚未建立起完善的召回法律體系,召回制度的缺位已經(jīng)成為消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)和企業(yè)競爭力增強(qiáng)的法制障礙。為此借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國家的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合具體國情,確立和完善我國的產(chǎn)品召回制度已成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 本文在對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國家缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行考察的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了我國缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度的立法現(xiàn)狀以及存在的主要問題,提出了關(guān)于構(gòu)建和完善我國缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度的立法建議。全文除前言和結(jié)語外,共分四章進(jìn)行論述。 第一章論述缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度所涉及的基本概念。通過探究召回的由來、產(chǎn)品和召回的定義、產(chǎn)品召回的分類和特征,以及和相關(guān)制度的辨析,從而對(duì)產(chǎn)品召回制度所涉及的基本概念及制度本身有基本的了解。并從消費(fèi)者、企業(yè)、市場等角度,闡述建立完善缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度的重要意義。 第二章闡述發(fā)達(dá)國家缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度。通過分析不同國家的產(chǎn)品召回制度,為完善我國的產(chǎn)品召回制度提供經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒。產(chǎn)品召回制度起源于美國,且該制度在美國發(fā)展最為成熟,世界其他國家也多是參照美國產(chǎn)品召回制度而建立,故本章重點(diǎn)介紹美國的召回制度,兼述法國、日本制度概況并總結(jié)國外產(chǎn)品召回制度對(duì)我國的借鑒意義。 第三章闡述我國缺陷產(chǎn)品召回法律制度的現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)我國現(xiàn)行缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度存在的問題進(jìn)行剖析,存在的主要問題是:立法層次較低,缺乏系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品召回立法,管理部門分工不明確,產(chǎn)品召回標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不明確,法律處罰力度輕及對(duì)產(chǎn)品召回制度觀念落后。最后論述完善缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度立法的必要性。 第四章對(duì)完善我國的缺陷產(chǎn)品召回法律制度提出了一系列具體的對(duì)策建議。主要是從三個(gè)方面論述:首先完善修改現(xiàn)有相關(guān)的法律法規(guī),如《產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量法》、《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》等;其次對(duì)制訂我國《缺陷產(chǎn)品召回法》提出建議。主要包括立法體例、立法原則、主管部門、召回程序、召回時(shí)效等方面。最后就建立缺陷產(chǎn)品召回制度相關(guān)配套機(jī)制提出建議,包括建立產(chǎn)品信息收集制度,完善質(zhì)量認(rèn)證制度、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化立法,取消產(chǎn)品免檢制度,發(fā)展產(chǎn)品召回保險(xiǎn)等。
[Abstract]:The recall system of defective products has been widely established and implemented in the countries of today's world, especially in developed countries, and has proved that the recall system is essential for improving the quality consciousness and integrity consciousness of producers and sellers, and promoting the investment of enterprises in the field of technology and safety and environmental protection. It is important to standardize the order of market economy and so on. Which is established for defective products that have flowed into the market. The so-called defective product refers to a product which is generated by mistake in the product design or an error in a certain link of the production line, and can be used for mass-threatening the product of the consumer's physical property, property safety or harm environment. As a result of the fact that the defective products often have the characteristics of batch nature, when these products are put into the market, if they do not intervene, their potential hazards are enormous, and it is possible to cause damage to the life, property safety or the environment of the non-specific consumers. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, it will delay the opportunity to eliminate the hidden danger quickly in society so as to further expand the damage. The product recall legislation of our country started later, until March 5,2004, the Regulations on the Management of the Recall of the Defective Automobile Products of the People's Republic of China were promulgated and implemented as of October 1,2004. Although the recall system of defective products has been explored and practiced in a certain range, so far, a perfect recall system has not been established, and the absence of the recall system has become a legal obstacle to the protection of the rights and interests of consumers and the enhancement of the enterprise's competitiveness. It is an urgent task to establish and perfect our country's product recall system based on the practical experience of the developed countries and the specific national conditions. On the basis of the investigation of the advanced experience of the developed country's defective product recall system, this paper analyzes the legislation status and main problems of the recall system of the defective products in our country, and puts forward the legislation on the construction and perfection of the recall system of the defective products in our country. The full text is divided into four chapters in addition to the preface and the conclusion The first chapter discusses the system of defective product recall The basic concept of product recall system, the definition of product and recall, the classification and characteristic of product recall, and the analysis of the related system are discussed, so that the basic concept and the system involved in the product recall system are Basic knowledge. From the perspective of the consumer, the enterprise, the market, etc., this paper expounds the establishment of the system of the recall of the defective products. The second chapter describes the developed countries. The recall system of defective products. By analyzing the product recall system of different countries, to improve the product recall in our country The system provides experience for reference. The product recall system originated in the United States, and the system is most mature in the United States. The rest of the world is also established with reference to the American product recall system, so this chapter focuses on the call of the United States. The system of back-up, and the general situation of France and Japan, and the recall system of foreign products The third chapter expounds the present situation of the legal system of the recall of the defective products in our country, and analyses the problems in the system of the recall of the existing defective products in our country. The main problems are: the lower legislative level and the product recall of the system. The division of labor in the management department is not clear, the product recall standard is not clear, and the legal punishment is light and The concept of product recall system is backward. Finally, the defect production is discussed. The necessity of the legislation of the product recall system. The fourth chapter is to improve the legal system of the defective product recall in our country. The paper puts forward a series of concrete countermeasures. It is mainly from three aspects: first, to perfect the existing relevant laws and regulations, such as the Law of Product Quality, the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, and so on; Country Put forward the recommendations. It mainly includes the legislative body, the legislative principle, the competent department. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of the related supporting mechanism of the defect product recall system, including the establishment of the product information collection system, the improvement of the quality certification system, the standardization of the legislation, and the cancellation of the product.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D923.8

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