【摘要】：股權(quán)自由轉(zhuǎn)讓是股東的固有權(quán)利,但絕對(duì)的自由轉(zhuǎn)讓會(huì)損害其他股東及公司的利益,因此各國(guó)立法對(duì)股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓,尤其對(duì)股權(quán)外部轉(zhuǎn)讓進(jìn)行一定的限制。2005年我國(guó)《公司法》修改,專設(shè)第三章對(duì)股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓進(jìn)行規(guī)定,確定了有限責(zé)任公司股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的制度框架,并對(duì)股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的程序進(jìn)行了細(xì)化規(guī)定,但對(duì)股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的效力問(wèn)題并未作出明確規(guī)定。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),法院在審理股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓糾紛時(shí),法條的解釋與適用不準(zhǔn)確,缺乏商事思維,導(dǎo)致許多誤判的產(chǎn)生。從法律規(guī)范屬性來(lái)看,有限責(zé)任公司股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓程序規(guī)定屬于強(qiáng)制性規(guī)范,股東在對(duì)外轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)時(shí)必須遵守,違反之將導(dǎo)致法律上的不利后果;股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓程序規(guī)定是管理型強(qiáng)制規(guī)定,違反該規(guī)定不會(huì)導(dǎo)致合同無(wú)效。公司法或公司章程股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)時(shí),設(shè)定了各種程序,賦予其他股東等利害關(guān)系人以各種權(quán)利。該類權(quán)利是基于維護(hù)公司人合性、保護(hù)相關(guān)利益主體的權(quán)利或期待的目的,在出讓股東的股權(quán)之上設(shè)定的程序性權(quán)利。股東侵犯該類程序性權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的行為,并不必然導(dǎo)致相關(guān)利益主體的實(shí)質(zhì)權(quán)益受損。若利害關(guān)系人未對(duì)此行使救濟(jì)性權(quán)利,該合同的程序性瑕疵得到修正,其效力和履行均不受影響。若利害關(guān)系人對(duì)此提出異議,并在合理期限內(nèi)啟動(dòng)救濟(jì)性程序,法院或仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)方對(duì)該合同進(jìn)行可撤銷審查。在其他股東最終確定受讓股權(quán)的情況下,對(duì)該股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓進(jìn)行撤銷,已支付對(duì)價(jià)的返還支付,已取得股權(quán)的退回股權(quán)。同時(shí),為維護(hù)相關(guān)利益主體的合法權(quán)益,杜絕違反程序的股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓行為,對(duì)出讓股東、受讓人、公司追究其民事責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:Free transfer of equity is the inherent right of shareholders, but absolute free transfer will harm the interests of other shareholders and companies. The third chapter provides for the transfer of equity, determines the institutional framework of equity transfer of limited liability companies, and specifies the procedure of equity transfer. However, the validity of the transfer of equity is not clearly stipulated. For a long time, the interpretation and application of the articles of law are inaccurate and lack of commercial thinking, which leads to a lot of misjudgments. From the view of the legal norm attribute, the limited liability company equity transfer procedure stipulation belongs to the mandatory norm, when the shareholder transfers the stock right to the outside must abide by, the violation will lead to the legal unfavorable consequence; The procedure of equity transfer is a mandatory regulation of management, violation of which will not result in the invalidation of the contract. When the shareholders of the company law or articles of association transfer their shares, they set up various procedures and give all kinds of rights to other shareholders and other interested parties. This kind of rights is based on the purpose of protecting the rights or expectations of the relevant stakeholders and establishing the procedural rights on the basis of transferring shareholders' equity. Shareholders' infringement of such procedural rights does not necessarily lead to damage to the substantive rights and interests of the relevant stakeholders. If the interested party does not exercise the right to remedy, the procedural defects of the contract are amended and its validity and performance are not affected. If the interested party objects to this and initiates relief proceedings within a reasonable period of time, the court or the arbitration agency shall carry out a revocable review of the contract. In the case of the other shareholders' final determination of the transferred equity, the transfer of the equity is revoked, the return of the consideration paid, and the return of the equity acquired. At the same time, in order to protect the legal rights and interests of the relevant stakeholders and to put an end to the transfer of shares in violation of the procedure, the transferor, the transferee and the company shall be investigated for their civil liability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91

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