增量財產(chǎn)視野下的經(jīng)營權(quán)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-01 13:40
【摘要】：與所有權(quán)承載的是財產(chǎn)使用價值的靜態(tài)歸屬不同,經(jīng)營權(quán)承載的是財產(chǎn)使用價值的創(chuàng)造和交換價值的實現(xiàn)。經(jīng)營權(quán)是勞動力權(quán)在財富創(chuàng)造領(lǐng)域中的一種表現(xiàn)形式,著重于對財產(chǎn)的經(jīng)營,發(fā)揮的是財產(chǎn)動態(tài)增值的功能。經(jīng)營行為、經(jīng)營意識、經(jīng)營活動比所有權(quán)出現(xiàn)的時間都要早,“兩權(quán)分離”并不意味著經(jīng)營權(quán)是所有權(quán)派生出來的。經(jīng)營權(quán)之所以遲遲未“到來”,是因為經(jīng)營權(quán)“出生”的社會基礎(chǔ)還不具備。社會基礎(chǔ)總是在不知不覺中漸變的,而權(quán)利和法律的變化卻相對滯后很多。當(dāng)前,財產(chǎn)的內(nèi)涵已經(jīng)分化為使用價值和交換價值,人類特有的生活方式也分離為生產(chǎn)活動和消費活動,整個社會基礎(chǔ)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了階段式的變化。從經(jīng)營權(quán)的歷史演進過程中可以歸納出“勞動”和“財產(chǎn)”是經(jīng)營權(quán)的“最小公分母”�；舴茽柕抡J為所謂復(fù)雜的法律概念和關(guān)系只不過是法律的“最小公分母”的不同組合而己。循著這一思路,經(jīng)營權(quán)是指人們運用勞動對相對占有的生產(chǎn)性財產(chǎn)自主地進行經(jīng)營活動,并對創(chuàng)造或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的增量財產(chǎn)享有收益和處分的權(quán)利。經(jīng)營權(quán)不是單一的自然權(quán)利,而是社會審慎構(gòu)建的、由許多項權(quán)能組成的“權(quán)利束”。它由相對性占有權(quán)、生產(chǎn)性使用權(quán)、經(jīng)營活動自主權(quán)、增量財產(chǎn)收益權(quán)、增量財產(chǎn)處分權(quán)等基本權(quán)能及自主定價權(quán)、自主決策權(quán)、市場準(zhǔn)入權(quán)等子權(quán)能集合而成。經(jīng)營權(quán)不是純粹利己的權(quán)利,在實現(xiàn)經(jīng)營權(quán)的過程中存在經(jīng)營活動的風(fēng)險。經(jīng)營權(quán)被當(dāng)作一項權(quán)利實現(xiàn)時,權(quán)利主體可以行使經(jīng)營權(quán)的全部權(quán)能,也可將全部或部分的權(quán)能授予其他主體行使,但其風(fēng)險最終是由經(jīng)營權(quán)人自己承擔(dān);當(dāng)經(jīng)營權(quán)被當(dāng)作權(quán)利性財產(chǎn)實現(xiàn)時,其各項權(quán)能及風(fēng)險也一并“打包”流轉(zhuǎn)給受讓人,受讓人在受讓期限內(nèi)成為了新的經(jīng)營權(quán)人。無論如何,經(jīng)營權(quán)最終是作為權(quán)利來實現(xiàn)的。是否承擔(dān)經(jīng)營權(quán)的絕對義務(wù)——經(jīng)營風(fēng)險,這是判斷是否取得經(jīng)營權(quán)的標(biāo)志。在公民、企業(yè)、政府這三大經(jīng)營權(quán)主體中,企業(yè)法人將會被優(yōu)選為實現(xiàn)經(jīng)營權(quán)的主要載體。改革開放三十多年所進行的“增量改革”已然改變了社會基礎(chǔ)。雖然多數(shù)人尚未意識到增量財產(chǎn)的重要性,但是它確已潛在地影響了人們對待財產(chǎn)的態(tài)度及與財產(chǎn)相關(guān)的行為秩序。很大程度上,人們貧困的根源在于沒有追求財富的權(quán)利,而經(jīng)營權(quán)就是保障人們追求增量財產(chǎn)的權(quán)利,它可以使“財產(chǎn)”和“勞動”得到更集約化的利用。從增量財產(chǎn)的角度來研究經(jīng)營權(quán),可將已經(jīng)散落在各部門法中的經(jīng)營權(quán)各項權(quán)能體系化為完整的經(jīng)營權(quán),并推動經(jīng)營權(quán)譜系的審慎構(gòu)建。在這個物質(zhì)極為豐富的時代,資本量將不再稀缺,而勞動力卻越來越稀缺,社會的注意力將逐漸聚焦到如何實現(xiàn)交換價值而獲得增量財產(chǎn)上,并會將經(jīng)營權(quán)推向一個新高度,在新的社會基礎(chǔ)上被賦予時代內(nèi)涵。
[Abstract]:Unlike the static ownership of the property use value, the management right carries the creation of the property use value and the realization of the exchange value. Management right is a form of expression of labor right in the field of wealth creation, focusing on the management of property, and exerting the function of dynamic increment of property. The separation of two rights does not mean that the right of management is derived from ownership. The reason why the right of management has not come is because the social foundation of the right of management is not yet available. The foundation of society always changes unconsciously, but the change of right and law lags behind. At present, the connotation of property has been divided into use value and exchange value, and the unique way of life of human beings has also been separated into production and consumption activities. The whole social foundation has changed in stages. From the historical evolution of management right, it can be concluded that "labor" and "property" are the "minimum common denominator" of management right. Horfield believes that complex legal concepts and relationships are just different combinations of the minimum common denominator of law. Following this train of thought, the right of management refers to the right of people to use labor to manage the productive property which is relatively occupied independently, and to enjoy the right to gain and dispose of the incremental property created or realized. Management right is not a single natural right, but a bundle of rights constructed by society carefully and composed of many powers. It consists of the basic power of relative possession, productive right of use, autonomy of business activities, right of income from incremental property, right of disposition of incremental property and independent pricing right, independent decision-making right, market access right and so on. Management right is not a pure right of self-interest, and the risk of business activities exists in the process of realizing management right. When the right of management is realized as a right, the subject of the right can exercise the whole power of the right of management, or grant the whole or part of the power to other subjects to exercise, but the risk is ultimately borne by the owner of the right. When the management right is realized as the right property, its power and risk are also transferred to the transferee, and the transferee becomes a new operator within the time limit of the transfer. In any case, the right of management is ultimately realized as a right. Whether to undertake the absolute obligation of management right-management risk, this is the symbol of judging whether to obtain the management right. Among the three main subjects of management right, citizen, enterprise and government, the corporate person will be chosen as the main carrier to realize the management right. The "incremental reform" carried out in more than 30 years of reform and opening up has changed the social foundation. Although most people have not yet realized the importance of incremental property, it has potentially affected people's attitude towards property and the behavior order related to property. To a large extent, the root of people's poverty lies in the lack of the right to pursue wealth, and the right of management is to guarantee people's right to pursue incremental property, which can make "property" and "labor" more intensive use. To study the management right from the angle of incremental property can transform the power system of management right which has been scattered in all branches of law into a complete management right and promote the careful construction of the management power pedigree. In this era of extremely rich material, capital will no longer be scarce, but labor is becoming more and more scarce. The attention of society will gradually focus on how to realize the exchange value and acquire incremental property, and will push the management right to a new height. On the basis of the new society is endowed with the connotation of the times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.29
本文編號：2157760
[Abstract]:Unlike the static ownership of the property use value, the management right carries the creation of the property use value and the realization of the exchange value. Management right is a form of expression of labor right in the field of wealth creation, focusing on the management of property, and exerting the function of dynamic increment of property. The separation of two rights does not mean that the right of management is derived from ownership. The reason why the right of management has not come is because the social foundation of the right of management is not yet available. The foundation of society always changes unconsciously, but the change of right and law lags behind. At present, the connotation of property has been divided into use value and exchange value, and the unique way of life of human beings has also been separated into production and consumption activities. The whole social foundation has changed in stages. From the historical evolution of management right, it can be concluded that "labor" and "property" are the "minimum common denominator" of management right. Horfield believes that complex legal concepts and relationships are just different combinations of the minimum common denominator of law. Following this train of thought, the right of management refers to the right of people to use labor to manage the productive property which is relatively occupied independently, and to enjoy the right to gain and dispose of the incremental property created or realized. Management right is not a single natural right, but a bundle of rights constructed by society carefully and composed of many powers. It consists of the basic power of relative possession, productive right of use, autonomy of business activities, right of income from incremental property, right of disposition of incremental property and independent pricing right, independent decision-making right, market access right and so on. Management right is not a pure right of self-interest, and the risk of business activities exists in the process of realizing management right. When the right of management is realized as a right, the subject of the right can exercise the whole power of the right of management, or grant the whole or part of the power to other subjects to exercise, but the risk is ultimately borne by the owner of the right. When the management right is realized as the right property, its power and risk are also transferred to the transferee, and the transferee becomes a new operator within the time limit of the transfer. In any case, the right of management is ultimately realized as a right. Whether to undertake the absolute obligation of management right-management risk, this is the symbol of judging whether to obtain the management right. Among the three main subjects of management right, citizen, enterprise and government, the corporate person will be chosen as the main carrier to realize the management right. The "incremental reform" carried out in more than 30 years of reform and opening up has changed the social foundation. Although most people have not yet realized the importance of incremental property, it has potentially affected people's attitude towards property and the behavior order related to property. To a large extent, the root of people's poverty lies in the lack of the right to pursue wealth, and the right of management is to guarantee people's right to pursue incremental property, which can make "property" and "labor" more intensive use. To study the management right from the angle of incremental property can transform the power system of management right which has been scattered in all branches of law into a complete management right and promote the careful construction of the management power pedigree. In this era of extremely rich material, capital will no longer be scarce, but labor is becoming more and more scarce. The attention of society will gradually focus on how to realize the exchange value and acquire incremental property, and will push the management right to a new height. On the basis of the new society is endowed with the connotation of the times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.29
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