保險利益原則在實務中的運用
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-28 21:48
【摘要】：市場經濟是競爭經濟,市場經濟條件下的社會也是一個風險社會,機遇與風險共存。保險作為市場經濟的安全閥門,其作用就在于分散風險以減少損失。作為市場活動的主體,為了實現利益最大化、風險最小化,紛紛加入購買保險的行列之中。比如農民為農作物購買農業(yè)保險;學校為學生購買學生平安險;飛行員購買停飛保險;財產權利人給財產投保等等。但是,由于保險合同具有射幸的特征,投保人和保險人的機會都是不確定的,投保人希望以較小的保費獲得較大的賠付,保險人則希望收取了保費,不發(fā)生保險事故,這樣就無需賠付并且能獲得更大的收益。因此,投保人或保險人不免會為一己私利而產生賭博行為從而引發(fā)道德風險,保險利益原則在保險法中的確立正是解決此類問題的有效機制。保險利益是保險利益原則的主要內容,制約著投保人訂立保險合同的權利,影響著保險合同的法律效力。無風險則無保險,保險的功能就是減少損失、分擔風險。保險利益原則從海上保險應運而生并逐步發(fā)展,至今其適用范圍已不僅僅局限于海商領域。目前,保險利益原則被大多數國家在立法和實踐中運用,我國則在1995年保險法第十一條規(guī)定了該原則,并在以后的2009年對保險法的修改及司法解釋、2013年和2015年的司法解釋中對保險利益原則的法律條文不斷完善。但是在司法實踐中對該原則如何適用,存在著許多爭議,也是本論文研究的重點。本文結構如下:一是引言。本部分主要內容包括:選題的背景和意義、研究本選題的思路及方法、文獻綜述及選題的創(chuàng)新點。二是保險利益原則的法理基礎。本部分主要闡述研究保險利益原則在實務運用中的基本理論,包括:保險利益的內涵;保險利益的立法例,即概括主義和列舉主義;認定人身保險利益的原則:利益主義原則、同意主義原則、利益主義與同意主義兼顧的原則;構成保險利益的三要件:合法性、確定性和經濟性。通過廣東琪田農藥化工有限公司訴中國人民財產保險股份有限公司深圳市分公司、馬育明保險合同糾紛案分析合法性要件在認定中存在的問題;通過賞月險一案分析保險利益的確定性和經濟性要件在認定中存在的問題。三是保險利益原則在實務中的運用。本部分論述了保險利益原則在人身保險和財產保險中的適用主體以及適用時間,通過爺爺索取孫女身故保險金索賠案、林某訴保險公司拒賠身故保險金案論述人身保險中保險利益的適用主體和適用時間;通過富奧公司訴保險公司財產損害賠償糾紛案、棉織廠滌綸布燒毀索賠案論述財產保險中保險利益的適用主體和適用時間。四是保險利益原則在實務運用中的思考與建議。本部分主要是在前四章的基礎上,思考保險利益原則在法律上取得的進步與不足。并針對人身保險利益的認定問題、人身保險利益審查義務的主體問題、保險利益合法性認定存在的問題和財產保險利益在實務運用中過于嚴苛的問題提出幾點建議。
[Abstract]:The market economy is a competitive economy, the society under the market economy is also a risk society, the opportunity and the risk coexist. As the safety valve of the market economy, the role of the insurance is to disperse the risk and reduce the loss. As the main body of the market activity, in order to maximize the interests and minimize the risk, the insurance is added to the ranks of the insurance. For example, farmers buy agricultural insurance for crops; schools buy students' safety insurance for students; pilots buy off flight insurance; property rights holders give insurance to property, etc.. However, as the insurance contract has the characteristics of good fortune, the chances of the insured and the insurer are all uncertain, and the insured wants to pay larger payments with smaller premiums. The insurer wants to charge a premium without an insurance accident, so that there is no need to pay and gain a greater profit. Therefore, the insured or the insurer can not avoid gambling for selfish interests, thus triggering a moral hazard. The establishment of the insurance interest principle in the insurance law is an effective mechanism to solve such problems. Benefit is the main content of the principle of insurance interest, which restricts the insurer's right to conclude the insurance contract and affects the legal effect of the insurance contract. The function of the insurance is to reduce the loss and share the risk. The insurance interest principle has come into being and gradually developed from marine insurance. So far, the scope of its application is not limited to Yu Hai. At present, the principle of insurance interest is used by most countries in legislation and practice. In China, the eleventh article of insurance law in 1995 stipulates this principle, and in the subsequent 2009 the amendment and judicial interpretation of the insurance law, and the legal provisions on the principle of insurance benefit in the judicial interpretation of 2013 and 2015, but in the judicature. In practice, there are many controversies in the application of this principle. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the main contents of this part include: the background and significance of the topic, the ideas and methods of this topic, the literature review and the innovation of the topic. Two is the legal basis of the principle of insurance interest. The basic theories of the application of the principle of insurance interest, including the connotation of the insurance interest, the legislation of the insurable interest, the generalism and the enumeration, the principle of identifying the interests of the personal insurance: the principle of interest, the principle of consent, the principle of the consideration of the interests and the consent; the three elements of the insurable interest: legality. Sex, certainty and economy. Through the case of Ma Yuming insurance contract dispute, the problems existing in the identification of legal elements in the case of Ma Yuming insurance contract dispute are analyzed by Guangdong Qi field pesticide chemical Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen branch of Peoples Insurance Company of China. The three is the application of the principle of insurance interest in the practice. This part discusses the applicable subject of the principle of insurance interest in personal insurance and property insurance and the time of application. Through the claim of the grandfather's claim for the insurance gold of a granddaughter, Lin certain insurance company refuses to compensate for the application of the insurance interest in the insurance of personal insurance. Through the case of the property damage compensation dispute of Fu ho company v. insurance company and the case of the burning of polyester fabric in the cotton mill, the paper discusses the applicable subject and the time of application of the insurance interests in the property insurance. Four is the thinking and suggestion in the practical application of the principle of insurance interest. The progress and deficiency of the principle in the law have been made, and in view of the identification of the interests of personal insurance, the subject of the obligation to examine the interests of the personal insurance, the problems in the identification of the legitimacy of the insurance interests and the problems of the property insurance interest in practical application, some suggestions are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：云南財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.284
[Abstract]:The market economy is a competitive economy, the society under the market economy is also a risk society, the opportunity and the risk coexist. As the safety valve of the market economy, the role of the insurance is to disperse the risk and reduce the loss. As the main body of the market activity, in order to maximize the interests and minimize the risk, the insurance is added to the ranks of the insurance. For example, farmers buy agricultural insurance for crops; schools buy students' safety insurance for students; pilots buy off flight insurance; property rights holders give insurance to property, etc.. However, as the insurance contract has the characteristics of good fortune, the chances of the insured and the insurer are all uncertain, and the insured wants to pay larger payments with smaller premiums. The insurer wants to charge a premium without an insurance accident, so that there is no need to pay and gain a greater profit. Therefore, the insured or the insurer can not avoid gambling for selfish interests, thus triggering a moral hazard. The establishment of the insurance interest principle in the insurance law is an effective mechanism to solve such problems. Benefit is the main content of the principle of insurance interest, which restricts the insurer's right to conclude the insurance contract and affects the legal effect of the insurance contract. The function of the insurance is to reduce the loss and share the risk. The insurance interest principle has come into being and gradually developed from marine insurance. So far, the scope of its application is not limited to Yu Hai. At present, the principle of insurance interest is used by most countries in legislation and practice. In China, the eleventh article of insurance law in 1995 stipulates this principle, and in the subsequent 2009 the amendment and judicial interpretation of the insurance law, and the legal provisions on the principle of insurance benefit in the judicial interpretation of 2013 and 2015, but in the judicature. In practice, there are many controversies in the application of this principle. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the main contents of this part include: the background and significance of the topic, the ideas and methods of this topic, the literature review and the innovation of the topic. Two is the legal basis of the principle of insurance interest. The basic theories of the application of the principle of insurance interest, including the connotation of the insurance interest, the legislation of the insurable interest, the generalism and the enumeration, the principle of identifying the interests of the personal insurance: the principle of interest, the principle of consent, the principle of the consideration of the interests and the consent; the three elements of the insurable interest: legality. Sex, certainty and economy. Through the case of Ma Yuming insurance contract dispute, the problems existing in the identification of legal elements in the case of Ma Yuming insurance contract dispute are analyzed by Guangdong Qi field pesticide chemical Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen branch of Peoples Insurance Company of China. The three is the application of the principle of insurance interest in the practice. This part discusses the applicable subject of the principle of insurance interest in personal insurance and property insurance and the time of application. Through the claim of the grandfather's claim for the insurance gold of a granddaughter, Lin certain insurance company refuses to compensate for the application of the insurance interest in the insurance of personal insurance. Through the case of the property damage compensation dispute of Fu ho company v. insurance company and the case of the burning of polyester fabric in the cotton mill, the paper discusses the applicable subject and the time of application of the insurance interests in the property insurance. Four is the thinking and suggestion in the practical application of the principle of insurance interest. The progress and deficiency of the principle in the law have been made, and in view of the identification of the interests of personal insurance, the subject of the obligation to examine the interests of the personal insurance, the problems in the identification of the legitimacy of the insurance interests and the problems of the property insurance interest in practical application, some suggestions are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：云南財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.284
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