本文選題：商譽(yù) + 商業(yè)詆毀��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：商業(yè)詆毀以破壞商譽(yù)為特征,是一種典型易見的不正當(dāng)競爭行為,嚴(yán)重危害了公平競爭的市場秩序。特別是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)時代,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展為商業(yè)詆毀提供了便利的平臺,利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息的高速和跨地域傳播,成為不正當(dāng)競爭者的重要手段。雖然我國在《反不正當(dāng)競爭法》中對商業(yè)詆毀行為已有規(guī)定,但該法自頒布施行已有二十多年,時過境遷,司法實踐中對其構(gòu)成要件的傳統(tǒng)理解已不足以解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中的新型、復(fù)雜案件。網(wǎng)絡(luò)行為的匿名和隱蔽性增加了對其認(rèn)定的難度,加上對管轄法院、電子證據(jù)等的認(rèn)定規(guī)則還不盡完善,司法實踐中要準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)定被訴行為是否構(gòu)成商業(yè)詆毀還面臨重重困境。筆者對如何認(rèn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)特殊環(huán)境中的商業(yè)詆毀行為進(jìn)行了比較系統(tǒng)全面的研究,在典型案例和已有文獻(xiàn)資料的基礎(chǔ)上詳細(xì)分析我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)詆毀行為認(rèn)定的立法局限和司法困境,嘗試從競爭法和民事訴訟法兩方面提出完善建議,以期為網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)詆毀糾紛的解決提供參考。本文主體共分為四個部分:第一部分,對利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)實施的商業(yè)詆毀行為進(jìn)行概括性介紹。根據(jù)騰訊案、蒙牛誹謗門等近年發(fā)生的典型案例,分析歸納出通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺實施的商業(yè)詆毀行為較之傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)詆毀的特殊性,并介紹了四種具體表現(xiàn)形式。第二部分,著重分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)詆毀行為的構(gòu)成要件及其不足。在我國當(dāng)前立法和學(xué)說理論的基礎(chǔ)上,從實施主體、客觀表現(xiàn)、主觀意圖、侵害客體四方面闡述網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)詆毀的立法構(gòu)成,并對行為構(gòu)成認(rèn)定中面臨的問題進(jìn)行了探討。這些問題主要包括兩種:一種是法律尚無明確規(guī)定的,如競爭關(guān)系的具體界定、非主體身份者行為的定性問題等;另一種則是已有規(guī)定難以應(yīng)對網(wǎng)絡(luò)復(fù)雜環(huán)境的詆毀形式和主觀認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的問題。第三部分,闡述我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)詆毀行為認(rèn)定的司法實踐現(xiàn)狀和審理中存在的問題。首先,網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)詆毀糾紛的侵權(quán)行為地不易確定,適用一般侵權(quán)管轄規(guī)則存有爭議;其次,原告的舉證能力和舉證負(fù)擔(dān)不匹配,司法維權(quán)成本高昂;再次,法官能動性的發(fā)揮缺乏規(guī)范,不利于裁決的統(tǒng)一;最后,基于上述對網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)詆毀行為認(rèn)定的分析,對騰訊訴奇虎商業(yè)詆毀案的裁決予以評析。第四部分,針對上文指出的立法局限和司法實踐中的問題,提出完善我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)詆毀行為認(rèn)定的意見和建議。
[Abstract]:Commercial slander, characterized by breaking goodwill, is a typical unfair competition behavior, which seriously endangers the fair competition market order. Especially in the era of network economy, the development of Internet technology provides a convenient platform for business slander, and makes use of the high-speed and cross-regional dissemination of network information to become an important means of unfair competitors. Although the act of commercial defamation has been stipulated in the Anti-unfair Competition Law in China, it has been more than 20 years since the law was promulgated and implemented, and the times have changed. The traditional understanding of its constituent elements in judicial practice is not enough to solve the new and complex cases in the network environment. The anonymity and concealment of the network behavior increase the difficulty of its identification, plus the jurisdiction of the court, electronic evidence and other rules of identification is not perfect, judicial practice to accurately identify whether the accused act constitutes commercial slander is still facing many difficulties. The author makes a systematic and comprehensive study on how to identify the commercial defamation behavior in the special network environment. On the basis of the typical cases and the existing literature, the author analyzes in detail the legislative limitations and judicial difficulties of the identification of the online commercial defamation behavior in China. This paper tries to put forward some suggestions from two aspects of competition law and civil procedure law in order to provide reference for the settlement of Internet business defamation dispute. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is a general introduction to the commercial defamation implemented by the network. According to the typical cases such as Tencent case, Mengniu defamation door and so on in recent years, this paper analyzes and concludes the particularity of the commercial slander implemented through the network platform compared with the traditional commercial defamation, and introduces four concrete forms of expression. The second part focuses on the analysis of the network business defamation elements and deficiencies. On the basis of the current legislation and theory of our country, this paper expounds the legislative constitution of network commercial slander from four aspects of implementing subject, objective expression, subjective intention and infringing object, and probes into the problems faced in the identification of behavior constitution. These problems mainly include two kinds: one is that the law has not clearly stipulated, such as the specific definition of the competition relationship, the qualitative problem of the behavior of the non-subject identity and so on; The other is that it is difficult to deal with the form of slander and subjective standard of network complex environment. In the third part, the author expounds the judicial practice status and the problems in the trial of the online commercial defamation in our country. First, the infringement of online commercial defamation disputes is difficult to determine, the application of general tort jurisdiction rules are controversial; secondly, the plaintiff's ability to prove and burden of proof does not match, the cost of judicial rights is high; third, The lack of standardization of the judge's initiative is not conducive to the unity of the ruling. Finally, based on the above analysis of the identification of online commercial defamation, the judgment of Tencent v. Qihu Commercial Defamation case is evaluated. In the fourth part, aiming at the limitation of legislation and the problems in judicial practice, the author puts forward some opinions and suggestions on how to perfect the identification of online commercial defamation in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.294
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本文編號：2069557