本文選題：上海自貿(mào)區(qū) + 行政創(chuàng)新��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在中國,自貿(mào)區(qū)被中國特色化為自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū),本文統(tǒng)稱為自貿(mào)區(qū)。作為成立最早,影響力最大的上海自貿(mào)區(qū)在這三年來積極探索,大膽嘗試。但在我們關(guān)注其改革創(chuàng)新所取得的重大成果的同時,也應(yīng)當(dāng)看到上海自貿(mào)區(qū)在法制保障體系完善上急需解決的問題,即其并非由全國人大或其常委會通過立法創(chuàng)建,本質(zhì)上屬于行政推動,而非立法推動。這就意味著上海自貿(mào)區(qū)的法制建設(shè)只能從行政法規(guī)、行政規(guī)章、地方性法規(guī)及地方性規(guī)章中尋求支持。盡管國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)印發(fā)的《中國(上海)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)總體方案》類似于國務(wù)院授權(quán)上海立法,但始終無法消除人們關(guān)于其在我國《立法法》中法律位階問題上的疑問�！犊傮w方案》是商務(wù)部、地方政府聯(lián)合擬定,并經(jīng)過國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)生效的,其法律效力似高于通常意義上的部門規(guī)章或地方政府規(guī)章,但這仍不能算作真正意義上的國務(wù)院行政法規(guī),這使得上海自貿(mào)區(qū)建設(shè)缺乏足夠的法律權(quán)威性和穩(wěn)定性。自2014年8月1日起施行的《上海自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)條例》是《立法法》中明確規(guī)定的地方性法規(guī),可以在一定程度上填補(bǔ)國家層面立法缺失的空缺。該條例在地方立法的權(quán)限范圍內(nèi)有較多的制度創(chuàng)新,而在中央立法權(quán)限范圍內(nèi)的事項(xiàng)上創(chuàng)新仍然有限。針對上述問題,作者提出了完善上海自貿(mào)區(qū)法制保障體系的三個立法措施。第一個是出臺實(shí)施我國第一部自貿(mào)區(qū)基本法,從根本上改變我國一直以來崇尚的“先設(shè)區(qū)后立法”的思想,通過制定基本法來解決上海自貿(mào)區(qū)法制發(fā)展中的關(guān)鍵障礙。第二個是實(shí)施自貿(mào)區(qū)授權(quán)立法,其中最為實(shí)際的操作辦法是參照改革開放后經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)獲得專門授權(quán)立法的類似實(shí)踐,通過全國人大及其常委會以專門決定或決議形式授權(quán)自貿(mào)區(qū)立法。第三個是完善自貿(mào)區(qū)地方性立法。目前全國人大及其常委會為自貿(mào)區(qū)暫時調(diào)整或暫時停止適用法律規(guī)定給予法律支持,但仍需想辦法從程序上保障該行為能夠有效的啟動。
[Abstract]:In China, free trade area is changed into free trade test area with Chinese characteristics. As the earliest and most influential free-trade area in Shanghai in the past three years actively explore, bold attempt. However, while we are concerned about the major achievements made in its reform and innovation, we should also see that the Shanghai Free Trade Zone urgently needs to be solved in improving its legal system, that is, it was not created by legislation by the National people's Congress or its standing Committee. Essentially, it is an administrative push, not a legislative one. This means that the legal construction of Shanghai Free Trade Zone can only be supported by administrative regulations, local regulations and local regulations. Although the General Plan for the China (Shanghai) Free Trade pilot area approved and issued by the State Council is similar to that authorized by the State Council to legislate in Shanghai, However, it has never been possible to eliminate people's doubts about the legal rank in our country's "Legislative Law". [the general plan] was jointly drawn up by the Ministry of Commerce and local governments and has been approved by the State Council to take effect. Its legal effect seems to be higher than that of department rules or local government regulations in general sense, but this still cannot be regarded as the true administrative regulation of the State Council, which makes the construction of Shanghai Free Trade Zone lack sufficient legal authority and stability. The regulations of the Shanghai Free Trade Test area, which came into effect on August 1, 2014, are the local laws and regulations clearly stipulated in the legislation Law, which can to some extent fill the lack of legislation at the national level. The regulations have more institutional innovations within the jurisdiction of local legislation, while innovations in matters within the scope of central legislative competence are still limited. In view of the above problems, the author puts forward three legislative measures to perfect the legal system of Shanghai Free Trade Zone. The first is to implement the first free trade zone basic law of our country, fundamentally change the thought that our country has always advocated "establishing the district first before legislating", and solve the key obstacle in the legal system development of Shanghai free trade area by making the basic law. The second is the implementation of enabling legislation for the Free Trade Zone, the most practical of which is to refer to the similar practice of obtaining special authorization legislation for special economic zones after the reform and opening up. Through the National people's Congress and its standing Committee with a special decision or resolution to authorize the free trade zone legislation. The third is to perfect the local legislation of the free trade area. At present, the NPC and its standing Committee provide legal support for the temporary adjustment or suspension of the application of laws and regulations in the Free Trade area, but we still need to find a way to ensure that the act can be effectively started from a procedural point of view.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.295

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