本文選題：小額貸款 + 審慎監(jiān)管��； 參考：《江西財經(jīng)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前全國小額貸款公司近九千家左右,有力地解決了民間融資難的問題,獲得了社會的認同,有了較為寬松的制度環(huán)境,但明顯缺乏相應(yīng)的市場準入機制及規(guī)范的運作程序。小貸公司運作中監(jiān)管定位不清、尺度寬嚴不一、監(jiān)管手段單一、監(jiān)管部門自由裁量權(quán)隨意性等系列問題嚴重影響和妨礙了小貸行業(yè)的發(fā)展。據(jù)此,本文從公法強化與私法激勵這兩種視角,探索了小貸行業(yè)的審慎監(jiān)管問題。全文共分為五章。第一章闡述了小貸公司概況及法律特征。第二章分析監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀與現(xiàn)行制度不足,站在公法與私法的兩種視角,重新審視目前法律監(jiān)管所面臨的缺陷:一是監(jiān)管過度和泛濫,二是監(jiān)管不足和過偏。前者主要表現(xiàn)為:較高的貸款利率及準入門檻阻礙市場競爭、融資市場資金供求相互割裂、對抵(質(zhì))押財產(chǎn)限制過多、稅負承受力差。后者主要表現(xiàn)為:較低法律位階使行政監(jiān)管困難、各地政府金融辦專業(yè)能力缺乏導致風險頻發(fā)、行業(yè)內(nèi)部風險控制意識不足、違法成本低對逆向選擇產(chǎn)生強大激勵。以上問題反映出國家在履行經(jīng)濟職能時應(yīng)采取有限理性,防止小額貸款公司“目標偏移”,從而引導普惠金融的健康發(fā)展。第三章結(jié)合上述實踐中面臨或引發(fā)的相關(guān)問題,提出實施小額貸款公司審慎監(jiān)管的主要理論基礎(chǔ),即外部成本論和存在價值論。其中,外部成本論又分為俘獲論、尋租論。這些理論揭示了缺乏任何一種都無法完整地描繪出審慎監(jiān)管的藍圖。第四章從國際金融危機后的相關(guān)法律和小額貸款公司發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗教訓上,通過比較域外監(jiān)管相關(guān)實踐,為構(gòu)建我國的審慎監(jiān)管體系提供法律上的借鑒。第五章為總結(jié)章,提出構(gòu)建我國小貸公司審慎監(jiān)管的體系的構(gòu)思與建議。以及監(jiān)管主體應(yīng)盡的職責、目標。從公私兩方面討論了我國小貸公司法律審慎監(jiān)管制度的完善。一方面,公法手段是硬性的,存在著必要與謹慎。針對監(jiān)管不足和過偏,應(yīng)當在公法導向下對審慎監(jiān)管加以強化;另一方面,私法手段是柔性的,但也要注意方式。針對監(jiān)管過度與泛濫,應(yīng)當在私法導向下強調(diào)法律激勵的運用。法律干預(yù)應(yīng)將公法手段與私法手段妥善配置、中性運用、謹慎監(jiān)管。
[Abstract]:At present, there are nearly 9,000 micro-loan companies in China, which have solved the problem of the difficulty of private financing, have been recognized by the society, and have a relatively loose institutional environment, but they obviously lack the corresponding market access mechanism and standardized operating procedures. In the operation of small loan companies, a series of problems, such as unclear regulatory position, wide and strict standards, single regulatory means and arbitrary discretion of regulatory authorities, have seriously affected and hindered the development of the small loan industry. Based on this, this paper explores the prudential supervision of small loan industry from the perspectives of strengthening public law and encouraging private law. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter describes the general situation and legal characteristics of small loan companies. The second chapter analyzes the current situation of supervision and the insufficiency of the current system. From the two perspectives of public and private law, it re-examines the defects of current legal supervision: one is overregulation and overflowing, the other is insufficient and excessive supervision. The former mainly shows that higher loan interest rate and entry threshold hinder market competition, fund supply and demand in financing market are separated from each other, too many restrictions on collateral property and poor tax bearing capacity. The latter mainly shows that the lower legal rank makes administrative supervision difficult, the lack of professional ability of local governments and financial offices leads to frequent risk occurrence, the lack of awareness of risk control within the industry, and the low cost of illegal law create strong incentives for adverse selection. The above problems reflect that the state should take limited rationality in performing its economic function to prevent the "target deviation" of microfinance companies, and thus guide the healthy development of inclusive finance. The third chapter puts forward the main theoretical basis of implementing the prudential supervision of microfinance companies, namely, the external cost theory and the existential value theory, in combination with the problems faced or caused by the above mentioned practices. Among them, external cost theory is divided into capture theory and rent-seeking theory. These theories reveal that no one can provide a complete blueprint for prudential regulation. The fourth chapter from the relevant laws after the international financial crisis and the experience and lessons of the development of microfinance companies, through the comparison of extraterritorial regulatory practices, for the construction of China's prudential regulatory system to provide legal reference. The fifth chapter is the summary chapter, puts forward the conception and suggestion of constructing the system of the small loan company's prudential supervision in our country. And the duties and objectives of the supervisory body. This paper discusses the perfection of legal prudential supervision system of small loan companies in China from both public and private aspects. On the one hand, the means of public law are rigid and necessary and prudent. In view of inadequate and excessive supervision, prudent supervision should be strengthened under the guidance of public law; on the other hand, the means of private law are flexible, but they should also be paid attention to. In the light of excessive and overflowing supervision, the application of legal incentives should be emphasized under the guidance of private law. Legal intervention should properly allocate public law and private law means, neutral application and careful supervision.
【學位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.282

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