本文選題：預(yù)付卡消費(fèi) + 消費(fèi)者權(quán)益　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活中很流行的一種消費(fèi)方式。預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)是消費(fèi)者先支付消費(fèi)資金并領(lǐng)取預(yù)付卡作為權(quán)利憑證并獲得一定優(yōu)惠的消費(fèi)模式。這種消費(fèi)模式對于消費(fèi)者而言可以省去攜帶現(xiàn)金找零的不便并且可以避免使用銀行卡支付時(shí)的安全隱患,更重要的是可以享受經(jīng)營者給予的優(yōu)惠。對于經(jīng)營者而言,預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)的好處是可以不用支付利息的回籠一部分資金并且可以長期穩(wěn)定住一部分客戶。這種看似雙贏的消費(fèi)的模式,由于預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)的預(yù)付性、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)單向性、格式性等特征,很容易引發(fā)經(jīng)營者侵害預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益的事件。現(xiàn)在,預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)已經(jīng)成為人們生活中的一部分,經(jīng)營者傾向于這種消費(fèi)模式,越來越多的行業(yè)選擇發(fā)行預(yù)付卡。然而預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)者由于其消費(fèi)資金已經(jīng)提前預(yù)交給經(jīng)營者,其常常處于比普通消費(fèi)者更加弱勢的地位,因此,如何更好的完善預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)法律制度,從小的方面來說預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)會(huì)涉及到消費(fèi)者的個(gè)人利益,從大的方面來說會(huì)涉及到我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。伴隨著預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)模式的快速發(fā)展,預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)的過程中出現(xiàn)很多侵害消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益的現(xiàn)象。其一是經(jīng)營者的欺詐和虛假宣傳,經(jīng)營者為了讓消費(fèi)者辦理預(yù)付卡,常常對自己的商品或服務(wù)進(jìn)行虛假宣傳,甚至假借發(fā)行預(yù)付卡的名義對消費(fèi)者的預(yù)付資金進(jìn)行欺詐。其二是經(jīng)營者的單方行為導(dǎo)致合同無法履行,主要是經(jīng)營者擅自轉(zhuǎn)讓店鋪,接手者不承認(rèn)原店面的發(fā)卡效力,還有經(jīng)營者擅自更改經(jīng)營范圍、擅自決定是否營業(yè)、擅自降低商品和服務(wù)質(zhì)量等。這些經(jīng)營者的單方行為導(dǎo)致預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)合同無法繼續(xù)履行,侵害預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益。其三是經(jīng)營者的承諾難以保證,經(jīng)營者的誠信是預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)的基礎(chǔ),而我國現(xiàn)在還沒有建立完善的征信制度,容易出現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者辦理預(yù)付卡前后經(jīng)營者服務(wù)態(tài)度判若兩人等現(xiàn)象。其四是合同的部分條款侵害消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益,在生活中,消費(fèi)者與經(jīng)營者通常不會(huì)簽訂正式的書面合同,而經(jīng)營者給予消費(fèi)者的預(yù)付卡上記載的格式條款就成為經(jīng)營者侵害消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益的武器。預(yù)付卡上一般記載"本店有最終解釋權(quán)"、"本卡丟失概不補(bǔ)辦"等侵害消費(fèi)者權(quán)益的條款。出現(xiàn)這些問題的原因總結(jié)起來大概有三個(gè),第一是我國關(guān)于預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)的法律制度不完善,現(xiàn)行的法律條文中直接針對預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)進(jìn)行規(guī)定只有《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》第53條,其他法律規(guī)定都過于原則,沒有結(jié)合預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)的特征,在法律適用上具有一定的局限性。第二是監(jiān)管缺乏有效性,主要表現(xiàn)在監(jiān)管主體不明確、監(jiān)管力度不夠。第三是消費(fèi)者維權(quán)機(jī)制不合理,現(xiàn)在消費(fèi)者的維權(quán)途徑與普通的民事主體并無差別,舉證難、時(shí)間長是很多消費(fèi)者放棄維權(quán)的主要原因。針對預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)中出現(xiàn)的問題,可以從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行完善。其一是完善預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)的立法,包括確定預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)合同的法律地位、明確規(guī)定預(yù)付卡上必須記載和不得記載的內(nèi)容、明確預(yù)付卡發(fā)卡方的告知義務(wù)、"舉證責(zé)任倒置"原則的設(shè)立、完善小額訴訟制度和公益訴訟制度等。其二是健全預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)監(jiān)管體系,包括明確預(yù)付卡的發(fā)行程序、明確監(jiān)管主體、加大處罰力度,增加違法成本、建立第三方賬戶監(jiān)管預(yù)付卡資金、對經(jīng)營者優(yōu)惠力度加以規(guī)范等。其三是建立健全預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)社會(huì)防范體系,利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+建立預(yù)付卡消費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)、健全社會(huì)信用體系等。
[Abstract]:Prepaid card consumption is a popular mode of consumption in modern social life. Prepaid card consumption is a consumer mode of paying the money first and receiving a prepaid card as a right voucher and obtaining a certain preferential consumption pattern. This consumption pattern can save the consumer from the inconvenience of carrying cash change and avoid the use of banks. The hidden danger of the card payment, more important is to enjoy the privileges given by the operator. For the operator, the advantage of the prepaid card consumption is to return some of the funds without paying the interest and stabilize a part of the customer for a long time. This seemingly win-win mode of consumption, due to the prepayment of the prepaid card consumption, is the risk of prepayment. Unidirectional, formatted, and so on, it is easy to cause the operator to infringe the legitimate rights and interests of the prepaid card consumers. Now, the prepaid card consumption has become a part of the people's life. The operators tend to use this mode of consumption, and more and more industries choose to issue prepaid cards. However, the prepaid card consumers have already made advance for their consumption funds. Prepaid to the operator, it is often in a more disadvantaged position than the ordinary consumer. Therefore, how to better improve the prepaid card consumption legal system, from a small aspect, the prepaid card consumption will involve the individual interests of the consumer. In a large way, it will involve the development of the market economy in China. In the process of rapid development, there are many phenomena that infringe the legitimate rights and interests of consumers in the process of prepaid card consumption. One is the fraud and false propaganda of the operators. In order to allow consumers to deal with the prepaid cards, the operators often make false propaganda on their own goods or services, and even bully the consumer's prepaid funds in the name of the issuing prepaid card. Second, the unilateral act of the operator leads to the failure of the contract to be performed, mainly by the operator transferring the shop without authorization. The operator does not recognize the service of the original store, and the operators have made unauthorized changes in the scope of business, unauthorized decision to do business, and reduce the quality of the goods and services without authorization. The unilateral acts of these operators lead to the consumption of prepaid cards. It is impossible to continue to perform and infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the prepaid card consumers. Thirdly, the undertakings' commitment is difficult to guarantee, and the integrity of the operators is the basis of the prepaid card consumption. However, our country has not established a perfect credit card system, and it is easy for consumers to judge the service attitude of the operators before and after the prepaid card. The fourth is the contract. Part of the provisions infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, in life, consumers and operators usually do not sign a formal written contract, and the format clause recorded on the prepaid card by the operator is a weapon for the operator to infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the consumer. There are three reasons for these problems. The first is that the legal system on the consumption of prepaid cards is not perfect in our country. The provisions of the current legal provisions on the consumption of prepaid cards are only "consumer rights protection law > fifty-third", and the other laws are too original. No combination of the characteristics of prepaid card consumption, there are certain limitations in the application of the law. Second is the lack of effectiveness of supervision, mainly in the lack of supervision and supervision. Third is the irrational mechanism of the consumer rights protection, now the way to maintain rights of consumers is not different from that of ordinary civil subjects, and it is difficult to raise evidence and have long time. It is the main reason that many consumers give up their rights. In view of the problems in the prepaid card consumption, we can improve them from the following aspects. One is to improve the legislation of the prepaid card consumption, including the legal status of the prepaid card consumption contract, clearly stipulates the contents of the prepaid card and the contents that must be recorded and not recorded, and the prepaid card issuer is clearly defined. The informing obligation of Fang, the establishment of the principle of "inversion of burden of proof", the improvement of the small litigation system and the public interest litigation system. The second is to improve the prepaid card consumption supervision system, including the clear issuing procedure of the prepaid card, the clear supervision body, the strengthening of the punishment, the increase of the illegal capital, the establishment of the third party account supervision prepaid card funds, and the excellent operators. Efforts to regulate Hui. Third is to establish and perfect the social security system of prepaid card consumption, the establishment of prepaid card consumption insurance by Internet plus, a sound social credit system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.8

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：1891676