本文選題：網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸 + 擔(dān)保模式��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：民間網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸是近年新興起的民間融資形式,其快速發(fā)展與我國金融信貸市場長期存在的結(jié)構(gòu)失衡有關(guān),這是一種不同于傳統(tǒng)銀行間接融資模式和資本市場直接融資的新型融資模式。其存在和發(fā)展一定程度上活躍了金融市場,對中小微型企業(yè)和個(gè)人融資難的問題提供了破解思路。但就目前來看,網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)營模式不一,平臺角色不明,對借款人的審查缺乏統(tǒng)一的信用評級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和綜合信用評價(jià)體系,法律監(jiān)管不到位等問題都制約著網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺的發(fā)展。因此,剖析網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸主體及參與者之間的法律關(guān)系,明確網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺的角色定位,提出行之有效的監(jiān)管措施,對網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。探究各網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺擔(dān)保模式的優(yōu)劣,優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺的擔(dān)保模式,這是本文研究的重點(diǎn)。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸發(fā)展過程中,產(chǎn)生了多種經(jīng)營模式,從最初的信用借貸到要求提供擔(dān)保,再到擔(dān)保模式的細(xì)分。對網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸擔(dān)保模進(jìn)行探究,有益于網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸行業(yè)的發(fā)展。本文除引言、結(jié)論外分為以下三部分內(nèi)容:第一部分是關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸的基本概述。對網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺的運(yùn)營模式和發(fā)展歷史進(jìn)行梳理,并對國外的網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺進(jìn)行了簡略介紹。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸與其他互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融模式進(jìn)行概念區(qū)分來界定網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸的概念,總結(jié)出網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸的特點(diǎn)和作用。第二部分是網(wǎng)絡(luò)貸款擔(dān)保制度現(xiàn)狀透視。以是否需要擔(dān)保和擔(dān)保提供人為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可對網(wǎng)絡(luò)貸款平臺運(yùn)營模式分為無擔(dān)保模式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)貸款平臺擔(dān)保模式、第三方擔(dān)保模式和借款人擔(dān)保模式四種。最初,無擔(dān)保模式即為小額信用貸款,這是網(wǎng)絡(luò)貸款最初存在并吸引投資人和借款人的最大特點(diǎn)。但隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)貸款的發(fā)展無擔(dān)保模式的弊端逐漸顯現(xiàn),反而制約了網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸的發(fā)展。隨即,諸多網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺開始以加強(qiáng)對借款人的身份驗(yàn)證、根據(jù)借款人信息(身份證、戶口簿、銀行卡、收入證明、工作證明等)提供的多寡和質(zhì)量的高低對其進(jìn)行信用劃級等方式來降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并為信用等級較高的客戶向投資人提供擔(dān)保。但是由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的虛擬性和提供信息的電子化使信息作假大量存在,導(dǎo)致許多借貸平臺存在很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。加之對借貸平臺法律定位不清,其是否具備擔(dān)保資格和經(jīng)營資格尚存爭論。然后,部分網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)引入專業(yè)擔(dān)保公司為投資人擔(dān)保,這便將網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺的的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)中。事實(shí)上網(wǎng)絡(luò)貸款自身的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并沒有實(shí)質(zhì)的減少,這樣做的結(jié)果導(dǎo)致?lián)９境袚?dān)著高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)倒閉。最后,以借款人提供擔(dān)保的網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸模式是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低,最具有保障的一種,但是也存在擔(dān)保物范圍狹窄、擔(dān)保物流轉(zhuǎn)受限制等問題。第三部分是網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸擔(dān)保的優(yōu)化和規(guī)范建議。根據(jù)第二部分對各擔(dān)保模式的透視首先提出了網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸嚴(yán)格限制信用貸款的模式。其次提出網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸效率和安全并重、網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸平臺角色的回歸和實(shí)質(zhì)的借款人擔(dān)保和形式的擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)擔(dān)保等網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸擔(dān)保優(yōu)化建議和措施。最后對完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸擔(dān)保配套制度也提出了優(yōu)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)借貸征信路徑和加強(qiáng)中介服務(wù)商監(jiān)管等切實(shí)可行的措施。
[Abstract]:Private network lending is a new form of non-governmental financing in recent years. Its rapid development is related to the long-standing structural imbalance in the financial credit market of China. This is a new financing model different from the traditional bank indirect financing model and the direct financing of the capital market. At present, the operation mode of the network lending institutions is different, the role of the platform is unclear, the lack of unified credit rating standards and the comprehensive credit evaluation system for the borrower's review, the lack of legal supervision and so on, which restrict the development of the network lending platform. To analyze the legal relationship between the subject and the participants of the network, define the role of the network lending platform, and put forward the effective supervision measures, which is very important to the development of the network lending. It is the focus of this study to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the guarantee mode of the network lending platform and optimize the guarantee mode of the innovation network lending platform. In the course of the development of collateral loan, there are a variety of business models, from the initial credit loan to the requirement to provide guarantee, and then to the subdivision of the guarantee model. It is beneficial to the development of the network lending industry. This article is divided into the following three parts except the introduction: the first part is about the basic probability of network lending. The operation mode and development history of the network lending platform are combed, and the network lending platform abroad is briefly introduced. The concept of network lending is defined through the concept distinction between network lending and other Internet financial models, and the characteristics and functions of network lending are summarized. The second part is the network loan guarantee system. Current situation perspective. The network loan platform operation mode can be divided into non guarantee mode, network loan platform guarantee mode, third party guarantee mode and borrower guarantee mode, four kinds of credit loan platform operation mode. At first, the non guarantee mode is small credit loan, which is the initial existence and attracting investors of the network loan. But with the biggest characteristics of the borrower, but with the development of the unsecured mode of the development of network loans, the development of network lending is restricted. Then, many network lending platforms begin to strengthen the identification of borrowers, and provide more information based on the borrower information (ID card, account book, bank card, income proof, work proof, etc.) Oligarchy and quality have a credit rating to reduce risks and provide security for investors with higher credit levels. However, because of the virtual nature of the network and the electronization of information, there are a lot of false information, which leads to a lot of risk in the lending platform. There is a debate about whether it has a security qualification and management qualifications. Then, some of the network lending platform draws lessons from the professional Guarantee Corporation to guarantee the investor, which transfers the risk of the network lending platform to the guarantee agency. In fact, the high risk of the network loan is not substantially reduced, and the result of this result is the result. The Guarantee Corporation has a high risk of bankruptcy. Finally, the network lending model with the borrower's guarantee is the lowest risk and the most guaranteed, but there are also some problems such as the narrow scope of the guarantee and the limitation of the guarantee logistics. The third part is the optimization and the standard suggestion of the network loan guarantee. According to the second part of the guarantee model, First, it puts forward the mode of strictly restricting credit loan by network lending. Secondly, it puts forward the optimization suggestions and measures of network lending efficiency and security, the return of the role of the network lending platform, the substantial borrower guarantee and the guarantee of the form of guarantee institutions. Finally, it also proposes to improve the supporting system for the guarantee of the network loan guarantee. Some feasible measures have been put forward, such as optimizing the path of credit collection and lending, and strengthening the supervision of intermediary service providers.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.28

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