本文選題：預(yù)算民主 + 議會至上��； 參考：《北方工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文試圖通過實證分析,考察中國預(yù)算民主的發(fā)展歷程。預(yù)算,就其本質(zhì)而言,是圍繞公共資源之配置的、充滿博弈的政治過程,而遠非純粹的技術(shù)性問題。在法治國家中,這種政治過程須得接受民主的規(guī)范。因此,考察一國的預(yù)算民主化問題,不失為透視其法治狀況乃至整個國家的憲政結(jié)構(gòu)的有效路徑。本文正是在這一構(gòu)想前提下展開的。 本文首先通過介紹預(yù)算制度之起源流變,厘清了預(yù)算民主化的兩條路徑——人民通過議會實現(xiàn)對政府權(quán)力的規(guī)范,公民通過參與權(quán)利達致對政府權(quán)力的制約。基于此,本文對中國預(yù)算民主化的考察包括兩個方面,即對人大預(yù)算監(jiān)督權(quán)的檢視以及政府行為合法性之維護。就前者而言,在規(guī)范層面上,《憲法》、《預(yù)算法》、《監(jiān)督法》以及地方預(yù)算監(jiān)督條例均明確了作為議會的人大在預(yù)算領(lǐng)域中的權(quán)力是至上性的。然而,在實踐層面,種種數(shù)據(jù)顯示,人大的預(yù)算監(jiān)督權(quán)力是虛弱的。就后者來說,在步入“行政國家”之后,政府職能以及政府行為的急劇擴張已經(jīng)嚴重破壞了傳統(tǒng)的“傳送帶模式”賦予政府及其行為的合法性,換而言之,政府行為的合法性問題已經(jīng)無可回避。預(yù)算開支,乃是一切政府行為的基礎(chǔ)。公民通過行使各種形式的參與權(quán)利,監(jiān)督政府的“錢袋子”,進而形成對政府行為的制約,無疑是維護政府合法性的路徑之一。通過對歷屆黨代會報告、政府工作報告以及全國人大預(yù)算審查報告等文件以及中央與地方預(yù)算改革的分析,本文認為,在預(yù)算民主化的過程中,人大的預(yù)算監(jiān)督權(quán)在實踐層面上監(jiān)督效果依然遠遠落后于其在規(guī)范層面上的強化力度,政府的預(yù)算執(zhí)行行為在公開、透明以及公共參與方面均存在一定問題。最后,本文嘗試著探討了這些問題久治不愈的根源。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to examine the development of China's budget democracy through empirical analysis. Budget, by its nature, is a political process full of games around the allocation of public resources, far from a purely technical issue. In a state governed by law, such a political process must accept democratic norms. Therefore, examining the democratization of a country's budget is an effective way to see through its rule of law and even the constitutional structure of the whole country. This paper is under the premise of this concept. Firstly, by introducing the origin and evolution of the budget system, this paper clarifies the two paths of the democratization of the budget, that is, the people realize the norm of the government power through the parliament, and the citizen realize the restriction to the government power through the participation right. Based on this, the study of China's budget democratization includes two aspects, namely, the examination of the NPC's budget supervision power and the maintenance of the legitimacy of the government's behavior. As far as the former is concerned, at the normative level, the Constitution, the Budget Law, the Supervision Law and the local budget supervision regulations all make it clear that the power of the National people's Congress, as a parliament, in the budget field is paramount. On a practical level, however, data suggest that the NPC's budget supervision power is weak. As far as the latter is concerned, after stepping into the "administrative state", the rapid expansion of government functions and government actions has seriously undermined the legitimacy of the traditional "conveyor belt" mode, in other words, the legitimacy of the government and its actions. The question of the legality of government action has become inescapable. Budgetary expenditure is the basis of all government actions. It is undoubtedly one of the ways to safeguard the legitimacy of the government that citizens exercise all kinds of right to participate and supervise the government's "money bag", and then form the restriction to the government's behavior. Through the analysis of the reports of the Party Congress, the work of the government and the budget review report of the National people's Congress, as well as the reform of the central and local budgets, this paper holds that, in the process of the democratization of the budget, The supervision effect of the budget supervision power of the people's Congress still lags far behind that of its strengthening on the normative level in practice, and there are some problems in the government's budget execution behavior in the aspects of openness, transparency and public participation. Finally, this paper tries to explore the root causes of these problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.21

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本文編號：1844257