本文選題：外資法 + 立法目的��； 參考：《華中師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：立法目的是一部法律的內(nèi)在靈魂,同時作為法律制定的起點,決定一部法律存在的必要性;影響其在法律體系中的定位,決定其有效性;統(tǒng)領(lǐng)其內(nèi)部的制度構(gòu)建,決定其合理性。外資法立法目的也不例外,其產(chǎn)生必然是對基本國情、主要矛盾的回應(yīng),對各種價值的權(quán)衡,體現(xiàn)出對法律應(yīng)然狀態(tài)的追求。立法目的作為一部法律構(gòu)建的起點,應(yīng)當給予其重點關(guān)注。引進資金與先進技術(shù)的外資法目的,貫穿于我國利用外資的整個過程,但是各個時期的側(cè)重點不同。雖然利用外資后我國經(jīng)濟取得了顯著的發(fā)展,卻并沒有實際解決我國高新技術(shù)落后的狀況,市場并不能真正的換來先進的技術(shù)。外資法立法目的強調(diào)鼓勵與促進外資、對外資權(quán)益的保護,導(dǎo)致了對內(nèi)資的不公;缺少對政府作為義務(wù)的規(guī)定,導(dǎo)致政府重外資引進,而輕外資監(jiān)管。更由于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不平衡,致使地方政府在利用外資時惡性競爭,造成的資源浪費,環(huán)境污染等損害國家長遠利益的局面;在外資并購內(nèi)資企業(yè)中,我國存在過度依賴外資現(xiàn)狀以及外資萬能論的錯誤觀點。并且在某些行業(yè)中,外資的進入會造成就業(yè)機會實質(zhì)上的減少;政府的短視行為,更是使我國區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡更加嚴重,同樣的也缺乏對民族品牌,高新技術(shù)、中小企業(yè)等的特殊保護,導(dǎo)致我國的企業(yè)的競爭力不強,社會主義是市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展畸形。究其原因主要有,傳統(tǒng)吸引外資理論的內(nèi)在缺陷,外商投資動因在于政策鼓勵的錯誤認識;外資利用的規(guī)模取決于我國市場能夠帶來的利益,而鼓勵政策與外資規(guī)模并不是完全的正相關(guān),市場是外資驅(qū)動的根本認識不清;全國民眾對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的狂熱崇拜,只管眼前利益,而不顧長遠發(fā)展,使得政府要么消極的不作為或者要么亂作為,更有就是傳統(tǒng)政府服務(wù)職能的缺位以及重權(quán)力而輕義務(wù)積弊。傳統(tǒng)的被動審批模式,缺乏對事中、事后積極監(jiān)管,少干事少擔責的意識,更是無法保證政府的作為義務(wù);對利用外資應(yīng)當為我所用的認識不足,更是加重了相關(guān)危害。結(jié)合我國利用外資的現(xiàn)實情況以及對外資的指引功能,外資法立法目的應(yīng)當重構(gòu)為:為了擴大對外開放,政府積極作為,以維護國家安全與國民利益,促進社會主義市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,規(guī)制外國投資,而制定本法。首先,應(yīng)當轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)利用外資的思想,實現(xiàn)由鼓勵外資向規(guī)制外資轉(zhuǎn)變,外資作為市場的重要組成部分,接受規(guī)制是市場規(guī)制理論的必然要求,規(guī)制的手段體現(xiàn)的是價值中立,不刻意的區(qū)分與強調(diào)外資或是內(nèi)資,而且內(nèi)涵更加的嚴謹周密,包含著限制、約束、干預(yù)、保護、激勵等手段。這也是三十多年來利用外資的經(jīng)驗與發(fā)達國家利用外資的成功實踐的總結(jié),吸引外資的最根本原因不在于鼓勵政策,而是在于市場本身;而政府作為市場的參與者與監(jiān)督管理者,為保障外資目的最終實現(xiàn),對政府提出了積極作為的新要求,這既是外資深入我國國民各行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀、國家安全面臨的潛在威脅的實際需要,也是人民主權(quán)原則、契約論對政府的法理要求,并且規(guī)制外資同樣符合發(fā)達國家利用外資的一般規(guī)律;國家安全作為前置條件,是我國當下以及未來面對外資的潛在威脅的回應(yīng),也是國際慣例,而且符合立法目的的指引性,在立法技術(shù)上是成文法傳統(tǒng)下的最佳選擇。利用外資的最終目的應(yīng)當是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的健康發(fā)展,這就要求保障內(nèi)資與外資的公平競爭而非平等的參與市場活動,同時重視我國的區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡的現(xiàn)狀,以及對我國民族品牌、傳統(tǒng)工藝、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、核心產(chǎn)業(yè)以及中小企業(yè)加以特殊的保護,這些都是利用外資的應(yīng)有之意。
[Abstract]:The purpose of legislation is the inner soul of a law, and at the same time, as the starting point of the law making, it determines the necessity of the existence of a law, affects its positioning in the legal system, determines its effectiveness, leads its internal system construction and determines its rationality. The legislative purpose of foreign law is no exception, and its production must be the basic national situation and the main spear. The response of the shield, the balance of various values, reflects the pursuit of the state of the law. As a starting point for the construction of a law, the purpose of the legislative purpose should be paid attention to. The purpose of introducing capital and advanced technology to foreign capital is through the whole process of utilizing foreign capital in our country, but the focus is different in each period. China's economy has made remarkable progress, but it has not actually solved the situation of our country's hi-tech backwardness, and the market can not truly exchange advanced technology. The legislative purpose of foreign capital law emphasizes encouraging and promoting foreign capital, protecting the rights and interests of foreign capital, causing injustice to domestic capital, and lacking the provisions of the government as a duty. Because of the unbalance of the regional economic development, the local government's vicious competition in the use of foreign capital, the waste of resources, the environmental pollution and so on, which have damaged the long-term interests of the country, and the wrong viewpoint of excessive dependence on foreign capital and the omnipotence of foreign capital in the merger and acquisition of foreign capital in China. In some industries, the entry of foreign capital will lead to a substantial reduction in employment opportunities; the short view of the government makes the imbalance of our regional development more serious, and the same lack of special protection for national brand, high technology and small and medium enterprises, which leads to the poor competitiveness of our enterprises and the deformity of the development of the market economy. The main reasons are: the inherent defects of the traditional theory of attracting foreign capital, the motivation of foreign investment lies in the wrong understanding of the policy encouragement; the scale of the utilization of foreign capital depends on the benefits that our market can bring, and the incentive policy is not completely positive related to the scale of foreign investment. The fanatical worship of economic development, only in view of the immediate interests, regardless of the long-term development, makes the government either negative or either negative or disorderly, more is the absence of the traditional government service function and the heavy power and light duty. It is impossible to guarantee the obligation of the government; the understanding of the use of foreign capital should be insufficient and the related harm is aggravated. The legislative purpose of the foreign capital law should be restructured as follows: in combination with the reality of the use of foreign capital and the guiding function of foreign investment, the purpose of the legislation of foreign investment law should be as follows: in order to expand the opening to the outside world, the government actively acts as a safeguard to national security and national interest. To promote the development of the socialist market economy and to regulate foreign investment, the law should be formulated. First, it is necessary to change the thought of using the traditional foreign capital to realize the transformation from encouraging foreign investment to the regulation of foreign capital and the important part of the foreign capital as a market. The acceptance of regulation is the inevitable requirement of the market regulation theory, and the means of regulation are neutral and neutral. It is also a summary of the successful practice of using foreign capital for more than thirty years and the successful practice of utilizing foreign capital in developed countries. The most fundamental reason for attracting foreign investment is not to encourage the policy, but in the market, but in the market. The government, as a participant and supervisor of the market, has put forward a new request to the government to ensure the final realization of the purpose of foreign investment, which is not only the actual needs of the current situation of the foreign investment in our national industry, the potential threat to the national security, the principle of human democracy, the legal requirements of the contract theory to the government, and the legal requirements of the government. The regulation of foreign capital is also consistent with the general law of the use of foreign capital in developed countries. As a precondition, national security is the response to the potential threat to foreign investment in the present and future, is also an international practice, and is in line with the guiding principle of legislative purpose. In the legislative technology, the best choice under the traditional cultural law is the ultimate goal of utilizing foreign capital. It should be the healthy development of the socialist market economy, which requires the protection of the fair competition between domestic and foreign investment, not the equal participation in the market activities, and the current situation of the unbalanced regional development in our country, as well as the special protection of our national brand, traditional technology, high and new technology industry, the core industry and the small and medium enterprises. Some of them are the proper way to make use of foreign capital.

【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.295

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