本文選題：石油行業(yè) + 管制��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：競爭和法治是我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的必然要求。黨的十八屆三中全會明確指出,“使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用�！秉h的十八屆四中全會提出了全面依法治國的重大決定。文章對石油行業(yè)反壟斷法適用問題進行研究是一個比較應(yīng)景且前衛(wèi)的話題。去年年底,被譽為“結(jié)構(gòu)改革和全面依法治國”試金石的南北車合并的報告中指出,合并需要商務(wù)部和境外反壟斷機構(gòu)的批準。作為國有企業(yè),主動接受反壟斷審查對于石油行業(yè)的反壟斷法適用具有重要的示范意義。2014年,國務(wù)院印發(fā)的《關(guān)于促進市場公平競爭維護市場正常秩序的若干意見》指出,改革市場準入制度,打破地區(qū)封鎖和行業(yè)壟斷,嚴厲懲處壟斷行為,保障公平競爭。國家能源局發(fā)布的《能源監(jiān)管行動計劃(2014-2018年)》中提出,促進能源壟斷環(huán)節(jié)公平公開。國資委把石油行業(yè)界定為特殊行業(yè),認為其集自然壟斷性、競爭性和公益性為一體。早在2009年,外商投資成品油的審批權(quán)已經(jīng)下放至省級主管部門。在地方,民營加油站已不鮮見。從消費者角度看,對“三桶油”的壟斷早已嗤之以鼻。在原油進口、海上開采、石油冶煉、成品油零售等環(huán)節(jié)正在逐步引入競爭。國家高度管制之下,雖然反壟斷法適用空間狹小,但是不是沒有空間。例如,在油田工程技術(shù)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域就處于相對市場化狀態(tài)。隨著我國大跨步進入“油氣時代”,在我國能源體制的改革中,石油行業(yè)改革直接關(guān)系改革的成敗。我國政府對石油行業(yè)的高度管制造成了“三桶油”在我國石油市場占95%份額。經(jīng)濟體制改革的滯后造成了產(chǎn)業(yè)政策長期優(yōu)位于競爭政策,且我國《反壟斷法》頒布較晚,實施面還很窄�！斗磯艛喾ā肪哂懈偁�、效率和公平的價值,致力于維護公平的競爭秩序,維護消費者的合法權(quán)益�！叭坝汀弊陨砭哂邢刃姓叩膬�(yōu)勢,國家對其的授權(quán)是政府管制的體現(xiàn)。石油行業(yè)的發(fā)展遇到了競爭不充分以及政企不分等困境。世界上主要國家的石油行業(yè)都是以市場為基礎(chǔ),輔助以政府管制,其競爭政策發(fā)揮著重要作用。在考察國外和我國國情的基礎(chǔ)之上,政府應(yīng)該以市場為導(dǎo)向,放松管制,引入競爭,重視競爭政策,培養(yǎng)競爭文化推進《反壟斷法》自身完善。
[Abstract]:Competition and the rule of law are the inevitable requirements of our socialist market economy. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that "make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better play the role of the government." The fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward a major decision to rule the country according to law. This paper studies the application of anti-monopoly law in petroleum industry is an appropriate and avant-garde topic. At the end of last year, the report on the North-South car merger, known as the "structural reform and comprehensive rule of law", pointed out that the merger required approval from the Ministry of Commerce and foreign antitrust agencies. As a state-owned enterprise, taking the initiative to accept anti-monopoly review has important demonstration significance for the application of anti-monopoly law in the petroleum industry. In 2014, the State Council issued several opinions on promoting fair competition in the market and maintaining the normal order of the market. We will reform the market access system, break regional blockades and trade monopolies, severely punish monopolies, and ensure fair competition. The National Energy Administration's Energy Regulatory Action Plan 2014-2018 proposes to promote fair and open energy monopolies. The SASAC defines the petroleum industry as a special industry, which integrates natural monopoly, competition and public welfare. As early as 2009, foreign investment in refined oil products has been delegated to provincial authorities. In the local, private gas stations are not uncommon. From a consumer's point of view, the "three barrels of oil" monopoly has long been scoffed. In crude oil import, offshore extraction, oil refining, refined oil retail and other links are gradually introducing competition. Under the state's high degree of control, although the application of anti-monopoly law is narrow, but not without space. For example, in the field of oilfield engineering and technical services is in a relatively market-oriented state. With China's great leap into the "oil and gas era", in the reform of China's energy system, the reform of the petroleum industry is directly related to the success or failure of the reform. Our government's high regulation of the petroleum industry has resulted in "three barrels of oil" accounting for 95% of the oil market in our country. The lag of economic system reform has resulted in the long-term superiority of industrial policy lies in competition policy, and the anti-monopoly law of our country has been promulgated relatively late, and the implementation area is still very narrow. The Anti-monopoly Law has the value of competition, efficiency and fairness. Committed to the maintenance of fair competition order, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. "three barrels of oil" itself has the advantage of the forerunner, the state's authorization is the embodiment of government regulation. The development of the petroleum industry has encountered difficulties such as inadequate competition and the separation of government and enterprises. The petroleum industry of major countries in the world is based on the market, supplemented by government regulation, and its competition policy plays an important role. On the basis of investigating the national conditions of foreign countries and our country, the government should take the market as the guide, relax the control, introduce competition, attach importance to competition policy, train the competition culture and promote the perfection of the Anti-monopoly Law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.294

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