發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-21 12:39

  本文選題：空白票據(jù)　切入點(diǎn)：空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：所謂空白票據(jù),是指出票人對(duì)票據(jù)除簽章外的部分必要記載事項(xiàng)不予記載,便于票據(jù)表面簽名交付,預(yù)設(shè)嗣后由他人予以補(bǔ)充記載,并依所補(bǔ)載完成的完全文義而發(fā)生票據(jù)效力的一種特殊票據(jù)。空白票據(jù)因節(jié)約交易成本、活躍社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)勢(shì),現(xiàn)為各國(guó)票據(jù)法律制度所確立或承認(rèn),這就是空白票據(jù)制度。而空白票據(jù)制度的主干、生命之源便是空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)。對(duì)此,我國(guó)現(xiàn)行法律制度幾乎沒有規(guī)定,學(xué)界專門而又系統(tǒng)的研究也甚少,因此本文旨在通過(guò)對(duì)空白票據(jù)概念的重新界定及對(duì)空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)性質(zhì)的深入分析,特別對(duì)空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)授予主體、行使主體、行使范圍進(jìn)行更為深入的探討,以期采取與我國(guó)現(xiàn)有票據(jù)制度沖突最小的方法融入空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)的各項(xiàng)規(guī)則,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)空白票據(jù)的安全順暢流通。本文主要分為五個(gè)部分： 第一部分是空白票據(jù)概述。首先,通過(guò)對(duì)空白票據(jù)構(gòu)成要件的梳理,重新界定空白票據(jù)概念,并對(duì)相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行辨析；然后,依托重構(gòu)的空白票據(jù)概念對(duì)空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)的概念進(jìn)行界定——本文認(rèn)為,空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)是指空白票據(jù)相對(duì)人基于出票人的授權(quán)而享有的、在授權(quán)范圍內(nèi)對(duì)空白票據(jù)所欠缺的必要記載事項(xiàng)予以補(bǔ)充填載,從而使該空白票據(jù)成為完全票據(jù)的權(quán)利；最后,分析空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)的意義及其性質(zhì)——本文認(rèn)為,空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)的性質(zhì)并非形成權(quán),也非票據(jù)上的權(quán)利,而是票據(jù)之外的、基于授權(quán)而發(fā)生的票據(jù)法上的權(quán)利,屬于一種特別權(quán)利。 第二部分是空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)之法理解析。本文認(rèn)為,空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)之存在基礎(chǔ)為“授權(quán)說(shuō)”,即空白票據(jù)形成之時(shí),填載票據(jù)的權(quán)利人為出票人,空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)只是出票人所讓渡的填載權(quán)利。 第三部分是空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)取得與行使。本文認(rèn)為,空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)之取得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采“折中說(shuō)”,即空白票據(jù)直接當(dāng)事人之間取得補(bǔ)充權(quán)采“明示標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,善意持票人取得補(bǔ)充權(quán)采“默示標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)的行使是除出票人及其代理人外的具備民事權(quán)利能力的正當(dāng)持票人,依照直接前手明示的內(nèi)容或與直接前手之間的原因關(guān)系或交易習(xí)慣確定的內(nèi)容行使或轉(zhuǎn)讓空白補(bǔ)充權(quán),可親自或委托他人一次或分次書面行使；行使期限適用消滅時(shí)效,依出票日、到期日的空白與否而有所區(qū)別。 第四部分是空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)之法律效力。本文認(rèn)為,一是補(bǔ)充權(quán)行使前的效力：空白票據(jù)一經(jīng)交付,出票人便無(wú)權(quán)要求返還票據(jù),亦無(wú)權(quán)撤銷或變更補(bǔ)充權(quán)之內(nèi)容；未補(bǔ)充完全絕對(duì)必要記載事項(xiàng)之前,持票人不享任何票據(jù)權(quán)利,但補(bǔ)充權(quán)可通過(guò)票據(jù)流轉(zhuǎn)的方式轉(zhuǎn)讓；遺失或被盜后,補(bǔ)充權(quán)人可通知付款人掛失止付,也可申請(qǐng)公示催告,之后可在補(bǔ)充權(quán)行使期間經(jīng)過(guò)以前,要求出票人補(bǔ)發(fā)空白票據(jù)。二是空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)行使后的效力：補(bǔ)充權(quán)人正當(dāng)行使補(bǔ)充權(quán)的票據(jù)效力與完全票據(jù)等同,但依空白票據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)讓是否遵循規(guī)則,效力有所區(qū)別；無(wú)補(bǔ)充權(quán)而為補(bǔ)充的,持票人不享票據(jù)權(quán)利,亦無(wú)利益返還請(qǐng)求權(quán)；越權(quán)補(bǔ)充的,持票人享有票據(jù)權(quán)利,但票據(jù)債務(wù)人可對(duì)與自己有直接債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系的、越權(quán)補(bǔ)充的持票人行使對(duì)人的抗辯；補(bǔ)充不作為的,法律效力視提示票據(jù)時(shí)未補(bǔ)充事項(xiàng)屬于絕對(duì)還是相對(duì)必要記載事項(xiàng)而有所不同。 第五部分是我國(guó)有關(guān)空白票據(jù)補(bǔ)充權(quán)之法律現(xiàn)狀及立法完善。針對(duì)法律現(xiàn)狀的不足,本文認(rèn)為,可先行由最高人民法院頒發(fā)司法解釋,拓寬補(bǔ)充權(quán)行使載體至匯票、本票,擴(kuò)大內(nèi)容范圍至所有必要記載事項(xiàng),明確補(bǔ)充權(quán)取得標(biāo)準(zhǔn),填補(bǔ)行使主體、行使方式、行使期限的法律空白,修正補(bǔ)充權(quán)行使前后的效力等,為空白票據(jù)實(shí)踐提供法律依據(jù),規(guī)范空白票據(jù)流轉(zhuǎn)中的各種行為,培養(yǎng)空白票據(jù)規(guī)范意識(shí)；然后,待修改《票據(jù)法》的各項(xiàng)條件成熟時(shí),再將相關(guān)規(guī)定上升至法律。
[Abstract]:The so-called blank bill, refers to the drawer recorded on the bill in the signature part of the necessary items, for surface delivery notes signature, supplemented by others that default records, a special bill according to the completion of the full load up the justice and effectiveness of negotiable instrument. The blank bill for saving transaction costs, active social the economic advantage is established or recognized by the negotiable instrument law, this is a blank bill system. And the system of the blank bill and the source of life is the right to add a blank paper. In this regard, China's current legal system almost no provisions, there are few academic and systemic research, this paper aims to on the blank paper redefine the concept of in-depth analysis on the nature of the right of the blank bill, especially for the complementary right exercise subject to subject, the scope of the exercise, more in-depth exploration In order to achieve the goal of safe and smooth circulation of blank bills, we should take the minimum conflict with our existing bill system into the rules of blank bill supplement rights, and ultimately achieve safe and smooth circulation of blank bills. This paper is mainly divided into five parts.
The first part is an overview of the blank bill. First of all, through the elements of the blank bill review, re define the concept of the blank bill, and discriminates the related concepts; then, defines the concept of relying on the reconstruction of the concept of the blank bill right to add a blank paper, the complementary right refers to the relative person enjoys a blank bill the drawer's authorization based on the items within the scope of authorization of the blank bill lacks to be added to fill, so that the blank bill become perfect negotiable rights; finally, complementary right analysis of the significance and nature -- it is not the complementary right of right of formation, nor the bill on the right, but the bill outside of the negotiable instruments law and authorization based on the right is a special right.
The second part is the jurisprudential analysis of the supplementary right of blank notes. In this paper, the author believes that the existence of the supplemental right of blank paper is based on the "authorization theory", that is, when the blank bill is formed, the right to fill the bill is the drawer of the bill, and the supplemental right of the blank bill is only the right to be filled out by the drawer.
The third part is the complementary right to exercise. This paper argues that the complementary right to obtain standard adopt "compromise" between the parties have the right to add a blank bill directly adopt "explicit standards", bona fide holder has the right to add "implied standard"; the exercise of the complementary right is in the drawer people and their agents abroad have the capacity for civil rights of the legitimate holder, in accordance with the direct express between the front hand and hand before the content or directly cause relationship or transaction practices to determine the contents of the exercise or transfer the right to add a blank, either personally or entrust others once or twice written exercise; prescription for exercise period, in accordance with the the date, the expiry date of the blank or not and different.
The fourth part is the legal effect of the complementary right. This paper argues that the effectiveness of a supplementary right before exercise: blank bill upon delivery, the drawer has the right to request the return of the bill, nor the right to revoke or change the content of the right; before the supplement of essential items, the holder does not enjoy the right of bill the transfer, but added by the transfer of the right of bill; lost or stolen, the right to add people may notify the drawee to stop payment, can also apply for public summons, but after the exercise period through the past, request the drawer to patch the blank bill. Two is the effectiveness of the exercise of the right to fill the blank bill after: the validity of a bill the right to add people exercising right to add equal and complete notes, but according to whether the transfer of the blank bill to follow the rules, the effectiveness of different; without supplementary right as the supplement, the holder does not enjoy the right of bill, also No claim for reinstating interest; ultra vires supplement, the holder has the right of bill, but the debtor can have direct debtor creditor relationship with their own, ultra vires holder on the exercise of the right of defense; not as a supplement, the legal effect as the blank matters of instrument belongs to the absolute or relative necessary items but different.
The fifth part is to improve the legal status and legislation on blank bill in our supplementary right. For lack of legal status this paper that can be made by the Supreme People's Court issued a judicial interpretation, the exercise of the right to broaden the supplementary carrier draft, promissory note, expand the scope to all the necessary items, the right to obtain clear supplementary standards, to fill the exercise the main way of exercise, the exercise period of the legal gaps, correction of complementary rights before and after effect, provide a legal basis for the blank bill practice behavior of blank bill in circulation, cultivation of blank bill standard consciousness; then, subject to the conditions of amending the law of negotiable instruments "when mature, the relevant provisions of the law to rise.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.287

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