本文選題：海洋傾廢　切入點(diǎn)：污染損害賠償責(zé)任　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著人類對海洋空間與資源不斷的開發(fā)利用,造成的海洋環(huán)境污染也日趨嚴(yán)重。海洋傾廢作為海洋環(huán)境污染方式的一種,相關(guān)侵權(quán)的索賠案件也日漸增多。但我國有關(guān)海洋傾廢損害賠償?shù)闹贫炔⒉煌晟?實(shí)踐中存在著諸多問題,如責(zé)任構(gòu)成要件存在爭議、責(zé)任主體不清,以及未明確能否適用《海商法》中責(zé)任限制的規(guī)定等。本文試圖從這些問題著手,對海洋傾廢的歸責(zé)原則及構(gòu)成要件、主體制度,以及賠償機(jī)制進(jìn)行討論,以期對問題的解決提供一些思路。第一章為海洋傾廢概述,首先對海洋傾廢做出界定,再簡單論述海洋傾廢的特征。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將海洋傾廢污染損害賠償責(zé)任與其他兩種相似的污染源造成的損害賠償責(zé)任進(jìn)行比較,從而得出海洋傾廢污染損害賠償責(zé)任的特殊性,為下文的論述做出鋪墊。第二章為海洋傾廢損害賠償?shù)臍w責(zé)原則及構(gòu)成要件。作者從海洋傾廢適用的無過錯(cuò)責(zé)任原則入手,分析無過錯(cuò)原則對海洋傾廢的重要意義。其后,對于法律規(guī)定的環(huán)境侵權(quán)的責(zé)任減免事由,作者將對其在海洋傾廢中的適用展開論述。再次,對海洋傾廢損害賠償?shù)臉?gòu)成要件,即致害行為、損害事實(shí)、因果關(guān)系,作者將結(jié)合其在實(shí)踐中存在的爭議進(jìn)行討論。第三章為海洋傾廢污染損害的主體制度。作者從權(quán)利主體和責(zé)任主體兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述。首先,由海洋傾廢可能造成的損害得出索賠的權(quán)利主體,并對其索賠依據(jù)進(jìn)行討論。其次,結(jié)合責(zé)任主體的確定在實(shí)踐中存在的問題,將污染者責(zé)任的承擔(dān)分成對外承擔(dān)和內(nèi)部劃分兩個(gè)層面,從內(nèi)外兩個(gè)角度提出相關(guān)問題的解決對策,以期使責(zé)任主體的責(zé)任更加明確。第四章為海洋傾廢的賠償范圍及方式。因海洋傾廢存在工具性這一特征,因而其侵權(quán)損害的賠償范圍包括全額賠償和限額賠償兩種。對于限額賠償,作者將從實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)的爭議出發(fā),討論以船舶作為傾廢工具的船舶傾廢損害賠償是否適用海事賠償責(zé)任限制。再對海洋傾廢適用保險(xiǎn)制度、基金制度以及其他賠償方式的可行性展開討論,以期建立多元化的海洋傾廢損害賠償機(jī)制。第五章為完善我國海洋傾廢損害賠償制度的建議,首先,作者對引言中提到的實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行回顧,總結(jié)存在的問題。其次,從侵權(quán)責(zé)任法律體系和索賠救濟(jì)法律體系兩個(gè)角度對海洋傾廢相關(guān)制度的建立提出建議。
[Abstract]:With the continuous exploitation and utilization of marine space and resources by human beings, the marine environment pollution is becoming more and more serious. However, the system of marine dumping damage compensation in China is not perfect, and there are many problems in practice, such as the dispute of liability constitution, the unclear liability subject, the related tort claim cases are also increasing, but the system of marine dumping damage compensation in our country is not perfect, and there are many problems in practice. And whether the limitation of liability in Maritime Law can be applied or not is not clear. From these problems, this paper attempts to discuss the imputation principle and constitutive elements of ocean dumping, the subject system, and the compensation mechanism. In order to provide some ideas for the solution of the problem. The first chapter is an overview of marine dumping, first of all, the definition of marine dumping, and then a brief discussion of the characteristics of marine dumping. Comparing the liability for marine dumping pollution damage with that caused by the other two similar sources of pollution, the particularity of compensation liability for marine dumping pollution damage is obtained. The second chapter is the principle of liability and the elements of marine dumping damage compensation. The author starts with the principle of no-fault liability applied to marine dumping, and analyzes the significance of no-fault principle to marine dumping. The author will discuss its application in marine dumping. Thirdly, the constitutive elements of compensation for marine dumping damage, that is, injurious act, damage facts, causality, will be discussed. The third chapter is the subject system of marine dumping pollution damage. The author discusses it from two aspects: the subject of rights and the subject of responsibility. From the possible damage caused by the dumping of the sea, the subject of the claim is obtained, and the basis of the claim is discussed. Secondly, the problems existing in practice combined with the determination of the subject of responsibility are discussed. The author divides the responsibility of polluter into two levels: external commitment and internal division, and puts forward the solutions to the related problems from the internal and external perspectives. In order to make the liability of the main body of responsibility more clear. Chapter 4th is the scope and method of compensation for marine dumping. Therefore, the scope of compensation for tort damages includes two types: full compensation and capped compensation. For the limited compensation, the author will proceed from the disputes that have arisen in practice. This paper discusses whether the limitation of maritime liability is applicable to the compensation for dumping damage caused by ships as dumping instruments, and then discusses the feasibility of applying the insurance system, the fund system and other forms of compensation to marine dumping. In chapter 5th, in order to improve the compensation system of marine dumping damages in China, the author reviews the related problems in practice mentioned in the introduction. Secondly, from the legal system of tort liability and the legal system of compensation relief, the author puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of the relevant system of ocean dumping.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.294

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