本文關(guān)鍵詞： 租金管制 房屋租賃　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：房屋租金管制制度在很多國(guó)家存在,而美國(guó)房屋租金管制制度是其中的一個(gè)典型。美國(guó)的租金管制始于一戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,主要通過是限制租金最高額,來保障中低收入家庭居住權(quán)。很多國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者都有對(duì)我國(guó)是否應(yīng)該實(shí)行租金管制的問題發(fā)表看法,有關(guān)租金管制的文章也基本都會(huì)以是否應(yīng)該在中國(guó)實(shí)施租金管制為主題。不管是支持還是反對(duì),對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的論證已經(jīng)相當(dāng)充分,仁者見仁,智者見智,已經(jīng)不需要在這個(gè)問題上多做討論。房屋租金管制制度自一戰(zhàn)在美國(guó)實(shí)行至今已經(jīng)一百年了,在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條期間都起到了穩(wěn)定國(guó)內(nèi)租金水平的積極作用,但是由于它對(duì)房東財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的嚴(yán)格限制,那時(shí)作為緊急措施的房屋租金管制總是在緊急情況消除后就被廢止,每次它的實(shí)施都會(huì)引起巨大爭(zhēng)議。它曾在全國(guó)施行但現(xiàn)在只有幾個(gè)州的少數(shù)城市保留,可令人驚訝的是這個(gè)制度并沒有應(yīng)為實(shí)施范圍的縮小漸漸在美國(guó)消失,它在紐約、洛杉磯等城市仍然發(fā)揮巨大的作用,制度也日臻完善,這不禁讓人疑惑這個(gè)特殊的制度是怎么在爭(zhēng)議中保留發(fā)展至今,又為什么沒有被徹底廢止,反而在為數(shù)不多的大都市依舊起著重要作用。這個(gè)制度本身所帶有的矛盾色彩讓人忍不住探探究竟,于是本文就帶著這些問題去探究這個(gè)特別的制度。本文主要分為四大部分:第一部分是美國(guó)租金管制的概述。主要從它的含義,被實(shí)施的原因、歷史演進(jìn)介紹;第二部分是美國(guó)租金管制的具體內(nèi)容以及圍繞房屋租金管制制度產(chǎn)生的各種爭(zhēng)議。內(nèi)容包括租金管制存在的形式、租金上限的設(shè)置、適應(yīng)對(duì)象以及收回房屋的限制等,爭(zhēng)議圍繞其與合憲性的沖突、與契約自由的沖突、與財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)的沖突以及租金管制與公平的沖突等方面展開;第三部分是租金管制為什么能行之有效。這一部分主要從租金管制制度本身、美國(guó)房屋租賃法、美國(guó)住房保障政策等方面去尋找原因;最后一部分是美國(guó)房屋租金管制能帶來的啟示。本文從美國(guó)房屋租金管制制度本身出發(fā),分析該制度得以在質(zhì)疑與反對(duì)聲中發(fā)展延續(xù)的原因。作為一項(xiàng)保護(hù)公民居住權(quán),帶有社會(huì)保障性質(zhì)的法律制度,如何在實(shí)施過程中達(dá)到社會(huì)保障效果,平衡政府與公民、房東與房客之間的關(guān)系本身就是該法律制度的亮點(diǎn)。我國(guó)并不是沒有保護(hù)公民住房權(quán)的法律法規(guī),但是這些法律規(guī)定卻不能真正實(shí)現(xiàn)其法律目的。本文通過對(duì)美國(guó)房屋租金管制制度的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),以社會(huì)保障為內(nèi)容的法律更需要與社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行接洽和磨合,不斷完善。我國(guó)正處于社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型期,社會(huì)問題層出不窮,弱勢(shì)群體的權(quán)益保障問題急需解決,公民的居住權(quán)是公民的基本權(quán)利,照搬美國(guó)租金管制制度解決不了中國(guó)的租房問題,但是它能為我國(guó)住房租賃法律的完善、調(diào)控租金、房東與房客利益協(xié)調(diào)和保障等方面提供有益的借鑒。
[Abstract]:Housing rent control systems exist in many countries, and the United States housing rent control system is a typical example. Rent control in the United States began during the first World War, mainly by limiting the maximum amount of rent. To protect the right of residence of low- and middle-income families. Many domestic scholars have expressed their views on whether China should implement rent control. Articles on rent control will also basically focus on whether or not rent control should be implemented in China. Whether it is for or against, the argument on this issue is already quite strong. There is no need for more discussion on this issue. The housing rent control system has been in place in the United States for 100 years since World War I. it has played a positive role in stabilizing domestic rent levels during the two world wars and the Great Depression. But because of its strict restrictions on landlords' property rights, the rent controls that were used as an emergency measure were always abolished after the emergency had been eliminated. Every time it's implemented, it's a huge controversy. It's been in place across the country, but now it's kept in a few cities in only a few states, but surprisingly, the system is not going to fade away in the United States because of the narrowing of the scope of implementation, it's in New York. Cities such as Los Angeles still play a huge role and the system is becoming more and more perfect, which makes people wonder how this particular system has been maintained in the dispute and has not been completely abolished. On the contrary, it still plays an important role in a small number of big cities. The first part is an overview of rent control in the United States, mainly from its meaning, the reasons for its implementation, the historical evolution; The second part is the specific content of rent control in the United States and the various disputes surrounding the rent control system of housing. The contents include the form of rent control, the setting of rent ceiling, the object of adaptation and the restrictions on the resumption of housing, etc. The disputes revolve around the conflicts between them and the constitutionality, with the freedom of contract, with the property rights, and with the rent control and fairness. The third part is why rent control can be effective. This part mainly from rent control system itself, the United States housing rental law, the United States housing security policy and other aspects to find out the reasons; The last part is the inspiration that American housing rent control can bring. This paper analyzes the reason why the housing rent control system in the United States has been able to continue in the process of questioning and opposition, as a way to protect citizens' right of residence. The legal system of social security, how to achieve the social security effect in the process of implementation, and how to balance the government and citizens, The relationship between landlords and tenants is in itself the highlight of the legal system. China is not without laws and regulations to protect citizens' right to housing. However, these legal provisions can not really achieve their legal purpose. This paper, through the study of the housing rent control system in the United States, finds that the social security laws need to be approached and run in line with the reality of society. Our country is in the transition period of society, social problems emerge one after another, the rights and interests of vulnerable groups need to be solved urgently, the right of residence of citizens is the basic right of citizens, Copying the American rent control system can not solve the rental problem in China, but it can provide a useful reference for the perfection of the law of housing lease, the regulation of rent, the coordination and protection of the interests of the landlord and the tenant, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.29

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