【摘要】：未成年人是我們國家的未來與希望,保護(hù)好未成年人,給予他們更多的照顧和關(guān)心,是國家與社會(huì)共同的責(zé)任。弱勢兒童屬于未成年人中的一個(gè)比較特殊的群體,實(shí)踐中弱勢兒童由于其家庭背景的特殊性,經(jīng)常受到來自外界環(huán)境的排擠與歧視。只有將弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)存在的問題解決,才能使弱勢兒童的合法權(quán)益得到法律保護(hù),才能使弱勢兒童在更好的環(huán)境里順利成長。本文旨在從保護(hù)弱勢兒童合法權(quán)益的角度出發(fā),對我國弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)存在的問題及解決對策進(jìn)行探討。本文以“弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)問題研究”為題進(jìn)行研究,一共由四個(gè)部分組成。第一部分為我國弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)概述。首先,界定了弱勢兒童的概念及特征;其次,對監(jiān)護(hù)制度的基本理論進(jìn)行了闡述。第二部分對我國弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)基本情況進(jìn)行介紹。此部分是論文較為重要的部分。首先,介紹了我國弱勢兒童目前的生活現(xiàn)狀;其次,介紹了涉及弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)的相關(guān)立法;最后,分析了弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)存在的問題,包括未明確規(guī)定“兒童最大利益”原則、監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)委托之規(guī)定較為模糊、撤銷監(jiān)護(hù)人資格之規(guī)定不盡妥當(dāng)、國家代位監(jiān)護(hù)之規(guī)定較為簡略、對弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)人履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)缺乏監(jiān)督。第三部分為部分國家弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)立法狀況及啟示。主要介紹了美國、英國、德國、日本關(guān)于弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)的相關(guān)立法,并歸納出這四個(gè)國家弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)的特點(diǎn),為解決我國弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)存在的問題提供借鑒。第四部分對我國弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)存在的問題進(jìn)行思考。此部分為論文最重要的部分。首先,闡述了解決我國弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)存在問題的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義;其次,從弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)存在的問題著手,提出解決建議,包括確定“兒童最大利益”原則、細(xì)化監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)委托之規(guī)定、完善撤銷監(jiān)護(hù)人資格之規(guī)定、充實(shí)國家代位監(jiān)護(hù)之規(guī)定、對弱勢兒童監(jiān)護(hù)人履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:Minors are the future and hope of our country. It is the common responsibility of the country and society to protect them and give them more care and care. The disadvantaged children belong to a special group among the minors. In practice, the disadvantaged children are often excluded and discriminated from the external environment because of the particularity of their family background. Only by solving the problems existing in the guardianship of vulnerable children can the legitimate rights and interests of vulnerable children be protected by law and the vulnerable children grow up smoothly in a better environment. From the angle of protecting the legal rights and interests of the vulnerable children, this paper probes into the problems existing in the guardianship of the vulnerable children in our country and the countermeasures to solve them. In this paper, the subject of the study of vulnerable children custody, a total of four parts. The first part is an overview of the guardianship of vulnerable children in China. Firstly, the concept and characteristics of vulnerable children are defined. Secondly, the basic theory of guardianship system is expounded. The second part introduces the basic situation of vulnerable child guardianship in China. This part is the more important part of the paper. Firstly, it introduces the current living conditions of vulnerable children in China; secondly, it introduces the relevant legislation concerning the custody of vulnerable children; finally, it analyzes the problems existing in the custody of vulnerable children, including the lack of clear provisions on the principle of "the best interests of the child". The stipulation of entrustment of guardianship duty is vague, the stipulation of revoking guardian qualification is not appropriate, the stipulation of national subrogation guardianship is relatively simple, and it lacks supervision to the guardian of vulnerable children to carry out the duty of guardianship. The third part is the legislation situation and enlightenment of vulnerable children in some countries. This paper mainly introduces the relevant legislation of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan on the guardianship of vulnerable children, and sums up the characteristics of the guardianship of vulnerable children in these four countries, which provides a reference for solving the problems existing in the guardianship of vulnerable children in our country. The fourth part thinks about the problems existing in the guardianship of vulnerable children in our country. This part is the most important part of the paper. First of all, it expounds the practical significance of solving the problem of vulnerable children's guardianship in our country. Secondly, from the point of view of the existing problems of vulnerable children's guardianship, it puts forward some suggestions, including determining the principle of "the best interests of the child". The regulations of entrusting guardianship duty, consummating the stipulation of revoking guardian qualification, enriching the regulation of state subrogation guardianship, and supervising the guardian of vulnerable children to perform his guardianship duty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.9

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