本文關(guān)鍵詞：婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任在婚姻法中的立法構(gòu)想，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任在婚姻法中的立法構(gòu)想

婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任在婚姻法中的立法構(gòu)想

婚姻,是由兩位獨(dú)立異性民事主體且互為配偶身份關(guān)系的共同體組成。夫妻獨(dú)立民事主體是婚姻家庭存續(xù)的前提。在夫妻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間也就是婚內(nèi),男(女)一方不履行法定義務(wù),侵害妻子(丈夫)一方的正當(dāng)權(quán)益,有侵權(quán)必定有侵權(quán)行為,現(xiàn)實(shí)中在婚姻家庭關(guān)系中,夫妻是被人們通常視為一個家庭共同體,從而忽視對夫或妻獨(dú)立民事主體的個體人格的關(guān)注。在這個共同體中,既要有共同體的共同利益,又有夫妻各自獨(dú)立的權(quán)益,往往會忽視夫妻各自獨(dú)立的的權(quán)益,獨(dú)立權(quán)益被侵權(quán)卻得不到救濟(jì),給一些夫妻造成的傷害,在不離婚的情況下,只能個人付出犧牲的代價,這就違背了法律是最后一道防線�！叭烁癃�(dú)立”、“男女平等”等法律意識增強(qiáng),在婚姻法范圍內(nèi),因婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)去尋求法律保護(hù)成為必要的、可能的。本文從婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任在婚姻法中的立法的構(gòu)想進(jìn)行闡述.以期推動婚姻法的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。在西方世界早在19世紀(jì)60年代至20世紀(jì)早期,英美法系國家或地區(qū)就開始有關(guān)禁止夫妻人身侵權(quán)之訴,由于配偶間人身關(guān)系和財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系的特殊性,法律過多關(guān)注追究刑事責(zé)任和行政責(zé)任而忽視了民事責(zé)任的存在,對受害方的利益保護(hù)不力。夫妻關(guān)系是在有合法婚姻關(guān)系的存在的夫婦,這種關(guān)系不能成為免除侵權(quán)人民事責(zé)任的理由和依據(jù)。構(gòu)建婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任在婚姻法可彌補(bǔ)法律空白,提高維權(quán)利意識、加強(qiáng)公民法律意識、維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定和睦婚姻家庭生活的有手段,夫妻間的侵權(quán)及其損害賠在司法實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)了婚內(nèi)損害賠償訴訟。但我國現(xiàn)行《婚姻法》對此規(guī)定模糊,絕大多數(shù)夫婦采用了夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)制,夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)在婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間規(guī)定不得分割,這就造成得婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)的損害賠償缺少法律上的有力保障,婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)司法救濟(jì)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。就婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任通過婚姻法中的民事救濟(jì)對婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)行為的受害方予以補(bǔ)賠償,加大婚內(nèi)當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益的保護(hù)力度,推動婚姻家庭關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定。什么是婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)以及婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)制度在婚姻法中的必要性和可行性進(jìn)行淺析淺析,并結(jié)合外國立法對此不足的相關(guān)規(guī)定,對婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)的處理,提出立法構(gòu)想。明確規(guī)定婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)行為的界定,侵權(quán)的行為方式,同時參考外國相關(guān)立法,提出婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任在婚姻法中的立法構(gòu)想。為建設(shè)和諧美滿幸的婚姻家庭關(guān)最大限度地消除婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)。全文除引言和結(jié)論之外,共分為四個部分:第一部分,婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)行為概述�；閮�(nèi)侵權(quán)的界定、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)成要件�；閮�(nèi)侵權(quán)是指在合法婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間,夫或妻一方以作為或不作為的方式實(shí)施了侵害配偶人身權(quán)或財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán),使另一方的人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)乃至精神受到損害的過錯行為。有侵權(quán)的一般要件,也有他自身的特點(diǎn),根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)行為還做出不同分類。第二部分,中外研究夫妻間侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任制度相關(guān)立法及其評析考察我國法律的缺陷。參照國外有關(guān)夫妻間侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任制度立法。英國1962年8月1日實(shí)行《已婚婦女財(cái)產(chǎn)法》修正法允許夫妻間相互提起侵權(quán)行為訴訟。美國普通法(common law)中自1844年起《已婚婦女保護(hù)法》(Married Women’s acts )賦予婦女獨(dú)立的人格和對個人財(cái)產(chǎn)獨(dú)立的所有權(quán)后,許多州也準(zhǔn)許夫妻間提起侵權(quán)的訴訟了。日本最高法院認(rèn)為夫妻間可以成立侵權(quán)行為并可請求賠償。臺灣地區(qū)也在實(shí)務(wù)上認(rèn)為夫妻間可以成立侵權(quán)行為。我國沒有明確規(guī)定婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)的民事責(zé)任是空白。第三部分,從我國夫妻間侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任制度研究的必要性與可行性來說,制度的建立是為了保護(hù)基本人權(quán),消除法律沖突,維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定確保男女平等,增強(qiáng)婦女在實(shí)際生活中的獨(dú)立主體地位,有效防止、懲治家庭暴力,婚外性的等危害健康婚姻的詬病,推動社會穩(wěn)定,構(gòu)建新形勢下的和諧社會,為我國政治經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展提供有力的保障。第四部分,建立婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)的民事責(zé)任在婚姻法的構(gòu)想。本章分別從建立配偶權(quán)權(quán)利體系,健全夫妻身份制度和修正目前我國《婚姻法》內(nèi)的夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)制度重釋夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)范圍進(jìn)一步規(guī)范夫妻約定財(cái)產(chǎn)加大保護(hù)個人專有財(cái)產(chǎn),再增設(shè)有關(guān)夫妻間侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任制度相關(guān)條款提出構(gòu)建“健康婚姻”保證金“婦女特殊期”保護(hù)金。

【Abstract】 Marriage is a civil subject by two independent and mutually spouse of the opposite sex as a community relations component. Husband and wife independent civil subject is the premise of marriage and family survival. In the marital relationship continues to exist is within marriage, male (female) party does not fulfill legal obligations, against the wife (husband) side of the legitimate rights and interests are infringed bound to have violations, in reality, in marriage and family relations, husband and wife is that people often regard as a family community, and thus neglect the husband or wife’s individual personality independent of the civil subject’s attention. In this community, we must have the common interest community, but also the rights of husband and wife separate, often ignored the rights of husband and wife separate and independent rights and interests are infringed do not get relief, the damage to some couples, without divorce cases, only the cost of personal sacrifice, which violates the law is the last line of defense. "Personal independence", "gender equality" and other legal consciousness, in the context of marriage, as marital tort to seek legal protection as necessary and possible.From the marriage in the Marriage Law of Tort Liability in the idea of legislation to elaborate. ,In order to promote the further development of the Marriage Law. In the Western world in the 19th century to early 20th century 60’s, common law countries or regions began to infringement on the prohibition of marital physical complaints, the personal relationship between spouses and the special nature of property relations, the law too much attention to be held criminally responsible and administrative responsibility while ignoring the existence of civil liability for inadequate protection of the interests of the injured party. Husband and wife have a legal marriage in the presence of the couple, this relationship can not be a reason to exempt the infringer and the basis for civil liability. Tort Liability in Construction of marital law marriage can make up for gaps and improve the dimensional awareness of rights, strengthening the legal awareness of citizens to maintain social harmony and stability of marriage and family life have the tools, tort between husband and wife and the damages occurred in the judicial practice of marital action for damages. But China’s current "Marriage Law" which provides vague, vast majority of couples with a husband and wife community property, jointly owned property during the marriage are not separate provisions, which may cause damages marital tort law on the lack of strong support , marital tort judicial relief is difficult to achieve. To marital Infringement relief through the civil marriage laws on the marital tort compensation for injured parties to make, within marriage increase the protection of legitimate rights and interests, and promote family stability of marriage.What is a marital tort and the tort system in the marriage law marriage in the necessity and feasibility analysis, and foreign legislation on this issue with the relevant provisions dealing with infringement of marital proposed Legislation. Clear that the definition of marital tort, infringement of the behavior, while making reference to foreign-related legislation, proposed marriage in the Marriage Law in Tort Liability Legislation. Fortunately, for building harmonious and happy marriage and family relations to maximize the elimination of marital infringement. Addition to the introduction and conclusion, the total is divided into four parts:The first part. an overview of marital tort. Marital tort definition, characteristics, elements. Marital tort is defined as the duration of legal marriage, husband or wife is not a party to act or manner of personal rights or property rights against the spouse gives the other person, property damage and even the spirit of the fault behavior. The general elements of a tort, but also has his own characteristics, according to different standards, violations also make different marital categories.The second part of the marital home and abroad of the relevant legislation and the Tort Liability System Analysis study the defects of the law. Between husband and wife with reference to relevant foreign legislation Tort Liability System. United Kingdom August 1, 1962 implementation of "Married Women’s Property Act" Amendment Act allows husband and wife each bring infringement proceedings. American common law (common law) in effect since 1844, "Married Women’s Protection Act" (Married Women’s acts) to give women the independent personality and individual ownership of personal property, many states allow tort action between husband and wife had. Japan’s Supreme Court held that tort can be established between husband and wife may claim compensation. Practice in Taiwan also can be established that the tort between husband and wife. China does not specify marital tort liability is emptyThe third part, from the civil liability system of tort between husband and wife the necessity and feasibility study, the system created to protect the basic human rights, elimination of conflict of laws, maintain social stability to ensure gender equality, empowerment of women in real life, the independent dominant position, to effectively prevent and punish domestic violence, extramarital sex marriage, criticized other health hazards and promote social stability and building a harmonious society under the new situation for China’s stable political and economic development of effective social protection.The fourth part, the establishment of marital tort liability in the idea of marriage. Spouses, respectively, from the establishment of the right of this chapter, the right system, a sound system and amend the current marital status of "marriage" in the matrimonial property system of re-interpretation of the scope of the jointly owned property to further standardize the Marital Property to increase the protection of personal exclusive property, then the provision of such tort between husband and wife Construction of the relevant terms of a civil liability regime, "healthy marriage" margin "of women’s specific" protection money.

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：婚內(nèi)侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任在婚姻法中的立法構(gòu)想，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。