【摘要】：近年來(lái),關(guān)于夫妻離婚之后無(wú)辜“被負(fù)債”的報(bào)道屢見(jiàn)不鮮,區(qū)分夫妻共同債務(wù)與個(gè)人債務(wù)可以很好地遏制這種現(xiàn)象,那么如何進(jìn)行區(qū)分就成了我們所要關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。隨著我國(guó)婚姻家庭關(guān)系的復(fù)雜化,夫妻財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系作為其中重要的部分涌現(xiàn)出了許多的問(wèn)題。現(xiàn)代社會(huì)男女平等,雙方均可自由地參與到生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)當(dāng)中,財(cái)產(chǎn)并不必然與從前一樣歸于夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn),并且,我國(guó)現(xiàn)在也允許夫妻雙方約定財(cái)產(chǎn)的歸屬。在這樣的背景下,認(rèn)定夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)有著新的時(shí)代意義和必要性。本文主要論述了我國(guó)當(dāng)今認(rèn)定夫妻共同債務(wù)的立法及司法上存在的問(wèn)題,通過(guò)與外國(guó)進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)可以借鑒的內(nèi)容,進(jìn)而提出完善對(duì)策,文章共分為五個(gè)部分:第一部分是緒論部分,主要論述認(rèn)定夫妻共同債務(wù)的意義和必要性,概括了本文寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中運(yùn)用的研究方法,以及國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的一些研究現(xiàn)狀。第二部分是我國(guó)夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的立法現(xiàn)狀及存在問(wèn)題,簡(jiǎn)單列舉了我國(guó)有關(guān)夫妻共同債務(wù)的法條,并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了我國(guó)在立法上存在的問(wèn)題,包括有關(guān)的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、家事代理制度、舉證責(zé)任以及共同債務(wù)的清償和追償。第三部分是我國(guó)夫妻共同債務(wù)認(rèn)定的司法現(xiàn)狀及存在問(wèn)題,由于法律規(guī)范的不完備以及其他問(wèn)題,認(rèn)定夫妻共同債務(wù)在司法實(shí)踐中也出現(xiàn)了很多的問(wèn)題,包括因法律規(guī)范的沖突引起的同案不同判、夫妻共同債務(wù)是否應(yīng)該區(qū)分內(nèi)外、分居及訟訴離婚期間法律適用不統(tǒng)一以及因侵權(quán)行為引起的債務(wù)如何認(rèn)定。第四部分是外國(guó)相關(guān)法律的研究,因?yàn)楸疚氖蔷头蚱薰餐瑐鶆?wù)認(rèn)定中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題提出針對(duì)性的意見(jiàn),因此在分析時(shí)采用的也是就該國(guó)家此項(xiàng)制度的專門(mén)研究,主要選取的國(guó)家是大陸法系的代表國(guó)家,更具有借鑒意義。第五部分是認(rèn)定夫妻共同債務(wù)的完善對(duì)策,從立法和制度建設(shè)兩個(gè)大的方面出發(fā),尋求針對(duì)性的意見(jiàn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there are many reports about innocent "being in debt" after divorce, so how to distinguish between husband and wife's common debt and personal debt can well curb this phenomenon, so how to distinguish becomes the problem that we should pay attention to. With the complication of marriage and family relations in our country, the marital property relationship as an important part has emerged many problems. In modern society, equality between men and women, both sides can freely participate in the production and management activities, property does not necessarily belong to the husband and wife as before, and our country now also allows husband and wife to agree on the ownership of property. Under this background, it is necessary and important to determine the joint property of husband and wife. This paper mainly discusses the problems existing in legislation and judicature of recognizing the common debt of husband and wife in our country. By comparing with foreign countries, the author finds out the contents that can be used for reference, and then puts forward some perfect countermeasures. The article is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction part, which mainly discusses the significance and necessity of recognizing the common debt of husband and wife, and summarizes the research methods used in the process of writing, as well as some domestic and foreign scholars' research status. The second part is the current legislative situation and existing problems of the joint debt between husband and wife in our country. It simply enumerates the articles about the joint debt of husband and wife in our country, and on this basis analyzes the problems existing in the legislation of our country, including the related identification standard. Family agency system, burden of proof and common debt settlement and recovery. The third part is the judicial status quo and existing problems of the joint debt between husband and wife in our country. Due to the imperfection of the legal norms and other problems, there are many problems in the judicial practice of the joint debt of husband and wife. Including different judgments due to the conflict of legal norms, whether the husband and wife should distinguish between internal and external debt, separation and divorce during the application of the law is not uniform and how to determine the debt caused by tort. The fourth part is the study of the relevant laws of foreign countries, because this article is to put forward targeted opinions on the problems arising in the joint debt recognition of husband and wife, so it is also a special study on the system of this country used in the analysis. The main selected country is the representative country of the continental law system, which has more reference significance. The fifth part is to confirm the perfect countermeasure of husband and wife's common debt, from the legislation and the system construction two big aspects, seeks the pertinence opinion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.9

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