本文選題：同性戀 + 同性婚姻�。� 參考：《安徽大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在人類歷史發(fā)展中,同性戀現(xiàn)象客觀地存在于古今中外。同性戀傾向不會因為某個社會對它持嚴厲的否定態(tài)度而減少,也不會因為社會規(guī)范的寬容而增加,其處境在不同國家的不同時期也有所差別。①目前,同性戀在我國已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)“去罪化”和“非病理化”,但由于我國對同性戀現(xiàn)象的研究起步稍晚,國內(nèi)還存在著不少對同性戀者的歧視和不理解。很多同性戀者不敢公開自己的性身份,迫于傳統(tǒng)壓力走進異性婚姻,不僅自己身心受到煎熬,更會對異性配偶造成無法彌補的精神損害,甚至引發(fā)一些家庭、社會悲劇。由同性戀引起的社會問題和法律問題越來越多,究其原因是我國不承認同性婚姻,同性戀者在我國不能享受與異性戀者平等的婚姻權(quán)利。 與我國相比,針對同性戀的婚姻權(quán)益保護在西方早已成為一個熱議話題。迄今為止,已有不少國家或地區(qū)相繼通過立法以不同模式確認同性婚姻合法化了。目前國外關(guān)于同性婚姻合法化的立法模式主要有四種：1、同性婚姻模式,該模式將婚姻制度平等地適用于同性和異性,使同性婚姻與異性婚姻當事人享有完全相同的婚姻權(quán)益；2、民事伴侶模式,該模式將同性之間的共同生活界定為一種民事伴侶關(guān)系而非婚姻關(guān)系,通過單獨的法律來調(diào)整同性之間“結(jié)合”關(guān)系,給予同性伴侶一些而非全部配偶權(quán)益；3、民事互助契約模式,該模式通過兩個異性或者同性的成年自然人為了共同生活而締結(jié)的合同約定彼此的權(quán)利、義務(wù),規(guī)范雙方的共同生活,法律只做一些法定要求；4、事實伴侶模式,該模式對存在事實上同居關(guān)系的同性伴侶和異性伴侶同等保護,不以登記為要件。上述四種模式各具特色,都代表了社會的文明和法治的進步,對實現(xiàn)同性戀和異性戀的平等保護邁出了關(guān)鍵的一步。 由于我國針對同性戀權(quán)益的立法保護幾乎一片空白,我國一些學者提出了同性婚姻立法的主張。關(guān)于同性婚姻合法化的立法模式,比較有代表性的觀點有兩種：一是修改《婚姻法》或制定《同性婚姻法》,賦予同性戀者與異性戀者同等的婚姻權(quán)利；二是制定同居關(guān)系法,將同性同居者和異性同居者都包括進來。這兩種模式雖然對實現(xiàn)同性戀權(quán)益的保護有很大的意義,但并未結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)有社會制度。同性戀者的處境艱難,我國應(yīng)當考慮對同性戀者的人格尊嚴、婚姻自由權(quán)進行立法保護,但必須結(jié)合我國國情。通過對國外立法模式的比較分析,我國可以借鑒“非婚姻”模式下的民事伴侶制度,構(gòu)建符合我國國情的同性婚姻制度,切實從法律層面給予這一特殊群體權(quán)利保障。通過法律的指引作用逐步改變社會公眾對同性戀者的不正確認識,最終實現(xiàn)同性戀者與異性戀者的平等保護。
[Abstract]:In the development of human history, the phenomenon of homosexuality exists objectively at all times and at all times. Homosexuality does not decrease because of a society's harsh negative attitude towards it, nor does it increase as a result of tolerance of social norms, and its situation varies from country to country at different times. Homosexuality has been decriminalized and non-pathological in China, but since the study of homosexuality started later in our country, there is still a lot of discrimination and incomprehension of homosexuality in China. Many homosexuals dare not disclose their sexual identity and enter into heterosexual marriage under traditional pressure. They not only suffer physically and mentally, but also cause irreparable mental damage to heterosexual spouses, and even lead to some family and social tragedies. There are more and more social and legal problems caused by homosexuality. The reason is that our country does not recognize same-sex marriage and homosexuals can not enjoy the same marriage rights as heterosexuals in our country. Compared with our country, the protection of marriage rights and interests for homosexuality has long been a hot topic in the West. So far, many countries or regions have passed legislation to legalize same-sex marriage in different ways. At present, there are mainly four types of legislation on legalization of same-sex marriage in foreign countries, the same-sex marriage model, which applies the marriage system equally to the same sex and the opposite sex. Making same-sex marriage and heterosexual marriage parties enjoy exactly the same marital rights and interests. The civil partnership model defines same-sex life as a civil partnership rather than a marriage relationship. Through separate laws to regulate the "union" relationship between the same sex, to give same-sex couples some, not all, rights and interests of spouses. This model prescribes each other's rights and obligations through a contract concluded by two natural persons of the opposite sex or the same sex for the purpose of living together, and regulates the common life of both sides. The law only makes some statutory requirements. This model protects same-sex couples and heterosexual couples with de facto cohabitation, and does not require registration. Each of the four models has its own characteristics and represents the progress of social civilization and the rule of law. It is a key step to realize the equal protection of homosexuality and heterosexuality. As the legislative protection of gay rights and interests in China is almost blank, some scholars in our country put forward the idea of same-sex marriage legislation. There are two more representative views on the legislative model of legalizing same-sex marriage: first, to amend the Marriage Law or enact the same Marriage Law to give gay people the same marriage rights as heterosexuals; and second, to formulate a cohabitation relationship law. Include both same-sex cohabitants and heterosexual cohabitants. Although these two models have great significance in realizing the protection of gay rights, they do not combine with the existing social system of our country. The situation of homosexuals is difficult, our country should consider to protect the right to freedom of marriage and human dignity of homosexuals, but it must be combined with the situation of our country. Through the comparative analysis of foreign legislative models, our country can draw lessons from the civil partnership system under the "non-marriage" mode, construct the same-sex marriage system in accordance with the national conditions of our country, and give the protection of this special group right from the legal level. Through the guidance of the law, it gradually changes the public's incorrect understanding of homosexuals, and finally realizes the equal protection between homosexuals and heterosexuals.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D913

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