本文選題：被監(jiān)護人意愿 + 意定監(jiān)護��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國際社會人權(quán)理念的深化發(fā)展及老齡化趨勢凸顯,原有的監(jiān)護制度已無法有效解決社會面臨的失獨家庭養(yǎng)老難、植物人監(jiān)護、家庭監(jiān)護負荷過重等問題。人作為獨立個體的自由意志愈發(fā)得到重視,促使各國將最大程度尊重自我決定權(quán)的理念作為監(jiān)護制度改革的一致追求。這些改革的成果就是確立了以"尊重被監(jiān)護人意愿"為理念的意定監(jiān)護制度。在尊重和保障被監(jiān)護人的自主決定權(quán)及維持本人生活平�；砟畹尿�(qū)動下,我國現(xiàn)在施行的法律初步建立了被監(jiān)護人意愿的征詢制度,以此最大程度的體現(xiàn)對被監(jiān)護人內(nèi)心意愿的尊重。但還有很多不足,僅有原則性規(guī)定而缺乏具體的程序保障,如未明確征詢意愿的對象范圍、征詢意愿的具體程序、應(yīng)征詢而未征詢意愿的法律后果等。不完善的被監(jiān)護人意愿征詢制度體系,加之司法審判理念陳舊、審判任務(wù)加重等原因,以致在司法實踐中,造成了依法應(yīng)征詢而未征詢被監(jiān)護人意愿、征詢被監(jiān)護人意愿的程序不規(guī)范等亂象,未能充分實現(xiàn)尊重被監(jiān)護人意愿的預(yù)期法律效果�！吨腥A人民共和國民法總則》順應(yīng)社會老齡化的趨勢,在監(jiān)護制度的設(shè)計上,不再純粹以維護交易安全性為目標(biāo),而以尊重被監(jiān)護人的自由意愿以及對其人身、財產(chǎn)管理的自我決定為出發(fā)點,正式設(shè)立了意定監(jiān)護制度�！犊倓t》在協(xié)議確定監(jiān)護人、指定監(jiān)護人、恢復(fù)監(jiān)護人資格等方面的規(guī)定體現(xiàn)了對被監(jiān)護人意愿的尊重,但亦未解決如何征詢被監(jiān)護人意愿的具體問題。鑒于被監(jiān)護人意愿未能充分得到尊重的現(xiàn)狀,建議從最大化實現(xiàn)被監(jiān)護人的自主決定權(quán)的角度出發(fā),構(gòu)建被監(jiān)護人意愿征詢制度,并以尊重自我決定權(quán)、維持生活正常化、重視被監(jiān)護人尚余能力作為制度理念,從實體法上確立被監(jiān)護人能否表達意愿及是否真實的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),明確征詢制度的適用主體、相關(guān)法律后果,進而解決是否征詢被監(jiān)護人意愿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不清、把握不準(zhǔn)的難題。同時通過建立家事法庭、專門的問詢制度及社會評價機制,為征詢被監(jiān)護人意愿提供程序保障。最后,建立特定類型案件的監(jiān)護監(jiān)督機制,以審判監(jiān)督與檢察監(jiān)督并行的內(nèi)外部監(jiān)督模式對監(jiān)護權(quán)糾紛案件的訴訟活動進行全程監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:With the deepening development of the concept of human rights in the international society and the trend of aging, the original guardianship system has been unable to effectively solve the problems faced by the society, such as family pension difficulties, vegetable guardianship, and excessive burden of family guardianship. The free will of human being as an independent individual is paid more and more attention, which urges all countries to regard the idea of maximum respect for the right of decision as the consistent pursuit of the reform of guardianship system. The result of these reforms is to establish the system of determined guardianship based on the idea of respecting the will of the ward. Driven by respect for and protection of the independent decision of the ward and the maintenance of the idea of normalizing one's life, the law in force in our country has initially established a system of consultation on the wishes of the ward. In this way, the highest degree of respect for the will of the guardian of the heart. However, there are still many shortcomings, such as the lack of specific procedural protection, such as the lack of clear scope of the object of seeking the will, the specific procedure of seeking the will, the legal consequences of the consultation instead of the will, and so on. The imperfect system of wish-seeking system, the outmoded concept of judicial trial, the heavier task of trial, and so on, in judicial practice, result in that the wills of guardian should be consulted but not sought according to law. The procedure of seeking the will of the ward is not standardized, and the expected legal effect of respecting the will of the guardian has not been fully realized. [the General principles of the Civil Law of the people's Republic of China] conform to the trend of aging society, and in the design of the guardianship system, No longer with the sole aim of safeguarding the security of transactions, but with respect for the free will of the ward and for the self-determination of his personal and property management, the system of determined guardianship was formally established. [the General provisions] established the guardian by agreement, The stipulation of appointing a guardian and resuming the guardian's qualification reflects the respect for the will of the ward, but it does not solve the specific problem of how to consult the will of the ward. In view of the fact that the will of the ward is not fully respected, it is suggested that, from the point of view of maximizing the realization of the independent decision-making power of the ward, the system of consultation of the will of the ward should be established, and the system of consultation of the will of the ward should be established to maintain the normalization of Attach importance to the remaining ability of the guardian as a system concept, establish whether the guardian can express his will and judge whether the guardian is true from the substantive law, and make clear the applicable subject of the consultation system and the relevant legal consequences. And then solve whether to consult the guardian will standard unclear, grasp the difficult problem of uncertainty. At the same time, through the establishment of family court, special inquiry system and social evaluation mechanism, it provides procedural protection for seeking the will of the ward. Finally, we establish the guardianship supervision mechanism of certain types of cases, and supervise the litigation activities of custody dispute cases through the internal and external supervision mode of trial supervision and procuratorial supervision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.9

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