【摘要】： 西部地區(qū)地處長(zhǎng)江、黃河、珠江等大江大河的上游地區(qū),具有豐富的資源和廣闊的市場(chǎng),既是中下游地區(qū)的生態(tài)屏障、水源涵養(yǎng)地,同時(shí)又是生態(tài)敏感和脆弱地區(qū),對(duì)改善全國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境最具影響力。近些年來(lái),由于自然、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、歷史等原因,西部地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷惡化,形勢(shì)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)峻,西部地區(qū)作為全國(guó)資源及生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)已受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。這不僅給西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)和人民生活帶來(lái)很大侵害和壓力,而且也對(duì)全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的正常發(fā)展帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重影響,西部資源及生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題已成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)及可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。然而,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),西部地區(qū)向東部發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)不斷輸出資源,承擔(dān)生態(tài)破壞的成本,卻沒(méi)有得到相應(yīng)的補(bǔ)償或是得到的補(bǔ)償遠(yuǎn)不及其付出,如果任由這種情況繼續(xù)發(fā)展,必將使西部地區(qū)的環(huán)境保護(hù)事業(yè)缺乏公眾的參與意識(shí),催生為追求經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而犧牲環(huán)境的短視行為,從而導(dǎo)致西部乃至全國(guó)環(huán)境的惡化。因此,構(gòu)建西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度勢(shì)在必行。 生態(tài)補(bǔ)償是20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái),一些國(guó)家和地區(qū)為了應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中存在的資源耗竭和生態(tài)破壞問(wèn)題所嘗試采用的一種解決手段,在平衡和協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展與生態(tài)保護(hù)之間的緊張關(guān)系中發(fā)揮著積極而重要的作用。目前,不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的學(xué)者對(duì)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償進(jìn)行了不同角度的研究,但生態(tài)補(bǔ)償在國(guó)內(nèi)外研究尚處于早期階段,還沒(méi)有形成統(tǒng)一理論。在我國(guó)西部生態(tài)環(huán)境日趨嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì)下,從環(huán)境法律制度的角度對(duì)西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償進(jìn)行研究,將會(huì)對(duì)西部生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)和社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有積極的意義。 基于此,本文對(duì)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的一般理論和建立西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的背景、必要性和可能性以及西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的現(xiàn)狀及完善的建議進(jìn)行了論述。論文第一部分對(duì)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償及生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的一般理論進(jìn)行概述,主要介紹了生態(tài)補(bǔ)償和生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的概念以及生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的理論依據(jù),最后對(duì)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了探析;第二部分介紹了建立西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的背景、必要性可能性;第三部分主要對(duì)我國(guó)西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度進(jìn)行現(xiàn)狀分析,以西部所實(shí)施的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度實(shí)踐的典型——“退耕還林還草”生態(tài)補(bǔ)償政策為例,對(duì)此政策進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹,并進(jìn)行了效果評(píng)價(jià);第四部分是對(duì)西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的健全和完善建議,明確了西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的指導(dǎo)思想和基本原則,構(gòu)建了西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度立法的體系框架,提出了西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度立法建議,確定了西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的主體、對(duì)象、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和方式,完善了西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償管理制度,并提出要建立西部生態(tài)補(bǔ)償法律制度的約束機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The western region is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Pearl River and so on. It is rich in resources and broad market. It is not only the ecological barrier in the middle and lower reaches, the water conservation area, but also the ecologically sensitive and fragile area. It has the most influence on improving the national ecological environment. In recent years, due to natural, economic, social, historical and other reasons, the ecological environment of the western region has been deteriorating, the situation is quite severe, the western region as the national resources and ecological basis has been seriously damaged. This not only brings great encroachment and pressure on the economy and people's lives in the western region, but also has a serious impact on the normal economic and social development of the whole country. The protection of resources and ecological environment in western China has become a key issue in China's economic, social and sustainable development. However, for a long time, the western region has been exporting resources to the developed areas in the east, bearing the costs of ecological destruction, but it has not received corresponding compensation or far less compensation than it has paid. If this situation is allowed to continue to develop, It will lead to the lack of public participation in the environmental protection in the western region and the short-sighted behavior of sacrificing the environment for the pursuit of economic development, thus leading to the deterioration of the environment in the western region and even in the whole country. Therefore, it is imperative to construct the western ecological compensation legal system. Ecological compensation is a kind of solution that some countries and regions try to adopt in order to deal with the problems of resource depletion and ecological destruction in the course of economic and social development since the 1950s. It plays an active and important role in balancing and coordinating the tension between economic and social development and ecological protection. At present, scholars in different disciplines have studied ecological compensation from different angles, but the study of ecological compensation at home and abroad is still in the early stage, and has not formed a unified theory. Under the increasingly severe situation of ecological environment in western China, the study of ecological compensation in western China from the angle of environmental legal system will have positive significance for the protection of ecological environment and the sustainable development of society in western China. Based on this, this paper discusses the general theory of ecological compensation legal system and the background, necessity and possibility of establishing the western ecological compensation legal system, as well as the present situation of the western ecological compensation legal system and the suggestions for its perfection. The first part of the thesis summarizes the general theory of ecological compensation and ecological compensation legal system, mainly introduces the concept of ecological compensation and ecological compensation legal system and the theoretical basis of ecological compensation legal system. Finally, the development of the legal system of ecological compensation is analyzed. The second part introduces the background, necessity and possibility of establishing the western ecological compensation legal system. The third part mainly analyzes the current situation of the legal system of ecological compensation in the west of China, taking the ecological compensation policy of "returning farmland to forest and grassland" as an example of the practice of the legal system of ecological compensation in western China. This policy is introduced in detail and the effect is evaluated. The fourth part is to perfect and perfect the western ecological compensation legal system, clarify the guiding ideology and basic principles of the western ecological compensation legal system, and construct the system frame of the western ecological compensation legal system legislation. The legislative proposals of the western ecological compensation legal system are put forward, the main body, object, standard and method of the western ecological compensation legal system are determined, and the western ecological compensation management system is perfected. And put forward to establish the western ecological compensation legal system of restraint mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉俊霞;中國(guó)馬鈴薯國(guó)際貿(mào)易研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 馬曉文;退牧還草行政補(bǔ)償制度相關(guān)法律問(wèn)題研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2011年

2 趙娜;論差別生態(tài)責(zé)任[D];山東科技大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：2360202