【摘要】： 環(huán)境行政處罰是指國家環(huán)境保護(hù)行政機(jī)關(guān)、法定授權(quán)組織及其環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門委托的機(jī)構(gòu),依照法定權(quán)限和程序?qū)`反環(huán)境保護(hù)行政法律規(guī)范,尚未構(gòu)成犯罪或者雖構(gòu)成犯罪但仍需追究行政責(zé)任的自然人、法人或其他組織給予行政制裁的具體行政行為。環(huán)境行政處罰的設(shè)立就要是通過懲罰環(huán)境行政違法行為,從而達(dá)到預(yù)防環(huán)境違法行為的發(fā)生,保護(hù)人類共同生存環(huán)境的目的。 我國有關(guān)環(huán)境行政處罰的立法主要體現(xiàn)在《環(huán)境保護(hù)法》和《行政處罰法》兩部法律以及《環(huán)境保護(hù)行政處罰辦法》一部部門規(guī)章中。目前,在我國已經(jīng)確立了聲譽(yù)罰、財產(chǎn)罰和行為罰三大處罰種類的環(huán)境行政處罰體系。每種處罰形式都有其一定的適用情形,應(yīng)該說已經(jīng)建立了相對完善的處罰體系,但是由于環(huán)境行政處罰制度在我國建立較晚,因此無論在立法、執(zhí)法還是監(jiān)督方面都存在許多問題: (1)立法方面的問題主要體現(xiàn)為對享有處罰權(quán)的主體界定不清,處罰的形式不完善以及環(huán)保部門缺乏必要的執(zhí)法權(quán)等問題。 (2)執(zhí)法方面的問題主要表現(xiàn)為地方保護(hù)主義嚴(yán)重阻礙執(zhí)法,執(zhí)法力量薄弱以及執(zhí)法主體濫用自由裁量權(quán)等。 (3)監(jiān)督方面的問題則表現(xiàn)為內(nèi)部監(jiān)督不完善,外部監(jiān)督缺乏。 本文從上述幾方面詳細(xì)剖析了環(huán)境行政處罰存在的問題及根源,并且在結(jié)合我國國情同時借鑒西方國家的成功經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上提出了完善我國行政處罰的一些建議,希望對于進(jìn)一步完善我國環(huán)境行政處罰機(jī)制有所幫助,使環(huán)境行政處罰在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面發(fā)揮更大的作用。
[Abstract]:Environmental administrative punishment means that the state environmental protection administrative organ, the statutory authorized organization and the agency entrusted by the environmental protection administrative department violate the legal norms of the environmental protection administration in accordance with the legal authority and procedures, A specific administrative act imposed by a natural person, legal person or other organization that has not constituted a crime or has yet to be investigated for administrative liability. The establishment of environmental administrative punishment is to punish environmental administrative illegal behavior, so as to prevent the occurrence of environmental illegal behavior and to protect the common living environment of human beings. The legislation on environmental administrative punishment in our country is mainly embodied in the two laws of "Environmental Protection Law" and "Administrative punishment Law" and "measures of Administrative punishment for Environmental Protection". At present, the environmental administrative punishment system of reputation penalty, property penalty and behavior penalty has been established in our country. Each form of punishment has its own applicable situation, it should be said that a relatively perfect punishment system has been established, but because the environmental administrative punishment system was established in China later, so whether in legislation, There are many problems in law enforcement or supervision: (1) the legislative problems are mainly reflected in the unclear definition of the subject who enjoys the right of punishment. The forms of punishment are imperfect and the environmental protection departments lack the necessary enforcement powers. (2) the main problems in law enforcement are that local protectionism seriously impedes law enforcement. The weakness of law enforcement and the abuse of discretion by the subject of law enforcement. (3) the problems of supervision are not perfect in internal supervision and lack in external supervision. This paper analyzes in detail the problems and root causes of environmental administrative punishment from the above several aspects, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect our country's administrative punishment on the basis of combining the national conditions of our country and drawing on the successful experience of western countries. It is hoped that it will be helpful to further improve the mechanism of environmental administrative punishment in our country and make the environmental administrative punishment play a greater role in environmental protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.68;D922.11

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本文編號：2275572