【摘要】： 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)是我國特有的一類企業(yè),是我國計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)過渡中的產(chǎn)物。改革開放30年來,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),但由于其數(shù)量多、分布廣、規(guī)模小、管理水平低等原因,給我國部分地區(qū)尤其是農(nóng)村地區(qū)帶來了嚴(yán)重環(huán)境污染問題。為了有效的遏制鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的環(huán)境污染,建設(shè)“村容整潔”的社會主義新農(nóng)村,同時(shí)使鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)繼續(xù)保持穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展勢頭,持續(xù)為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量,有必要運(yùn)用各種手段保護(hù)環(huán)境、防治污染,而運(yùn)用法律手段防治鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染具有尤為重要的作用和意義。 本文應(yīng)用資料收集、實(shí)證研究、專家咨詢、數(shù)據(jù)處理和比較分析等方法,研究了我國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染及相關(guān)法律制度的現(xiàn)狀,并與國外相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的法律制度進(jìn)行了對比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染的相關(guān)法律制度確立及實(shí)施存在著諸多問題。首先,我國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染防治法律制度的立法水平低,不但法律質(zhì)量不高、法律修改不及時(shí),甚至整個(gè)法律體系尚不完備。其次,我國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染防治法律制度實(shí)施不順暢,存在對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染防治認(rèn)識不足、政策指導(dǎo)不力、管理機(jī)構(gòu)不健全、管理規(guī)劃缺乏等諸多弊端�？傊�,我國現(xiàn)行的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染防治的立法和法律實(shí)施已經(jīng)無法適應(yīng)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染日益惡化的需要。為了解決鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的環(huán)境污染問題,必須借鑒國外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),強(qiáng)化鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的環(huán)境義務(wù)觀念,確立合理的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)目標(biāo),并必須從一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的角度出發(fā),在制度建設(shè)和制度實(shí)施兩方面制定出有效的法律對策。在制度建構(gòu)上,要確立鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度、強(qiáng)制實(shí)行循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、環(huán)境標(biāo)志制度等十一項(xiàng)法律制度,并從法律制度的守法、執(zhí)法、司法三個(gè)方面對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)污染防治法律對策進(jìn)行完善。其中鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境義務(wù)的規(guī)定、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)污染防治法律對策的目標(biāo)的設(shè)定、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)污染防治法律機(jī)制的總結(jié)都是在文中首次總結(jié)界定出來的,而生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度、消費(fèi)者責(zé)任延伸制度、強(qiáng)制實(shí)行循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、公眾參與制度也都是對我國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染防治法律對策的創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展。 隨著我國加入WTO和中西部開發(fā)的繼續(xù)推進(jìn),研究鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)環(huán)境污染防治對策的理論和模式,有利于改善農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境、提高農(nóng)村人口生活質(zhì)量、促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展,對于對全國大部分省區(qū),特別是中西部地區(qū)治理鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)破壞和資源浪費(fèi)等,具有一定的借鑒價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Township enterprises are a kind of special enterprises in our country, which are the result of the transition from planned economy to market economy. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, township enterprises have made great contributions to the economic development of our country. However, due to their large number, wide distribution, small scale and low management level, It has brought serious environmental pollution to some areas of our country, especially in rural areas. In order to effectively contain the environmental pollution of township enterprises, to build a new socialist countryside with "clean and tidy villages", and at the same time, to enable township enterprises to continue to maintain a steady development momentum and to continue to contribute to the development of the national economy, It is necessary to use various means to protect the environment and prevent pollution, while the legal means to prevent the environmental pollution of township enterprises has a particularly important role and significance. Based on the methods of data collection, empirical research, expert consultation, data processing and comparative analysis, this paper studies the current situation of environmental pollution and related legal systems of township enterprises in China, and makes a comparative study with the relevant legal systems in foreign countries. It is found that there are many problems in the establishment and implementation of the related legal system of environmental pollution of township enterprises in China. First of all, the legislation level of environmental pollution prevention and control legal system of township enterprises in our country is low, not only the legal quality is not high, the law revision is not timely, and even the whole legal system is not complete. Secondly, the implementation of environmental pollution prevention and control legal system of township enterprises in China is not smooth, there are many drawbacks such as insufficient understanding of environmental pollution prevention and control of township enterprises, weak policy guidance, imperfect management organization, lack of management plan, and so on. In a word, the current legislation and enforcement of environmental pollution prevention and control of township enterprises have been unable to meet the needs of worsening environmental pollution of township enterprises. In order to solve the environmental pollution problem of township enterprises, we must draw lessons from foreign advanced experience, strengthen the concept of environmental obligations of township enterprises, establish reasonable environmental protection objectives of township enterprises, and proceed from a dynamic point of view. In the system construction and the system implementation two aspects to formulate the effective legal countermeasure. In the construction of the system, it is necessary to establish the ecological compensation system for township enterprises, to enforce 11 legal systems, such as the circular economy system and the environmental marking system, and to abide by the law and enforce the law from the perspective of the legal system. Judicial three aspects of township enterprises pollution prevention and control legal measures to improve. The provisions of environmental obligations of township enterprises, the setting of the target of the legal countermeasures of township enterprises' pollution prevention and control, and the summary of the legal mechanism of township enterprises' pollution prevention and control are all defined for the first time in this paper, and the extended system of producer responsibility. The extended system of consumer responsibility, the compulsory implementation of circular economy system and the system of public participation are also the innovation and development of the legal countermeasures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution of township enterprises in China. With China's entry into WTO and the further development of the central and western regions, the study of the theory and mode of environmental pollution prevention and control of township enterprises is conducive to improving the rural ecological environment, improving the quality of life of the rural population, and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of township enterprises. It has certain reference value and guiding significance for most provinces and regions in China, especially in the central and western regions, to control the environmental pollution, ecological destruction and waste of resources of township enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉弘;黃土高原縣域環(huán)境污染防治體系研究[D];西北大學(xué);2011年

2 劉穎;我國農(nóng)村水環(huán)境污染防治立法問題研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：2144115