發(fā)布時間：2018-05-22 08:24

  本文選題：船舶壓載水 + 《壓載水公約》�。� 參考：《大連海事大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自《國際船舶壓載水與沉積物控制和管理公約》(簡稱《壓載水公約》)于2004年2月13日在倫敦通過后,經(jīng)過了漫長12年的全球共同努力,隨著芬蘭于2016年9月8日的加入,宣告該公約正式達到生效條件,從而確定了公約的正式生效時間即2017年9月8日。公約的生效,對于我國來說,是機遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存。如何應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn),將挑戰(zhàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為發(fā)展的契機,對于目前我國的壓載水控制和管理是十分有必要且迫在眉睫。本文分為四部分,具體為:第一部分主要從船舶壓載水概述的角度,引出壓載水隨意排放帶來的海洋生物入侵的特征、危害,指明我國面臨的船舶船舶壓載隨意排放帶來的生物入侵引發(fā)頻繁的生態(tài)災(zāi)害問題。第二部分介紹《壓載水公約》,以及在公約通過之前各國采取的單邊立法措施,提出我國在應(yīng)對公約生效時在壓載水問題上任重而道遠。第三部分主要是分析公約生效給我國帶來的挑戰(zhàn),我國目前尚未加入該公約,但公約沒有給非締約國任何優(yōu)惠待遇以及公約的追溯性等原因?qū)е铝宋覈趬狠d水監(jiān)督與管理的問題上的被動。我國國內(nèi)相關(guān)船舶壓載水的立法上均僅僅只有個別條款,缺乏專項立法,沒有完善相關(guān)的法律體系等問題,根本無法應(yīng)對已經(jīng)進入正式生效倒計時的《壓載水公約》。第四部分主要是在對第三部分分析問題上提出相應(yīng)的對策,重點圍繞法律對策,主要包括,確定壓載水控制和管理方面的主管機關(guān)、完善與壓載水管理相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)、進行專項立法明確適合我國壓載水控制與管理的立法模式、將公約義務(wù)通過國內(nèi)立法細化等對策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the adoption in London on 13 February 2004 of the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments in ships (the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and sediments), after 12 years of concerted global efforts, with Finland's accession on 8 September 2016, The date of entry into force of the Convention, that is, 8 September 2017, is set by declaring that the Convention formally meets the conditions for entry into force. The entry into force of the Convention is an opportunity and a challenge for our country. How to meet the challenge and turn the challenge into the opportunity of development is very necessary and urgent for the ballast water control and management in our country at present. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly from the ship ballast water overview point of view, lead to ballast water arbitrary discharge of marine invasion characteristics, harm, This paper points out the frequent ecological disasters caused by the biological invasion caused by the random ballast discharge of ships in China. The second part introduces the Ballast Water Convention and the unilateral legislative measures adopted before the adoption of the Convention, and points out that China has a long way to go to deal with the ballast water problem when the Convention enters into force. The third part is mainly an analysis of the challenges that the entry into force of the Convention poses to our country, which has not yet acceded to the Convention. However, the convention does not give any preferential treatment to the non-state party and the retroactivity of the convention leads to the passivity of the ballast water supervision and management in our country. In our country, there are only a few clauses in the legislation of ballast water for ships in our country, lack of special legislation, no perfect legal system and so on, so we can not deal with the ballast water convention which has entered into the official countdown. The fourth part mainly puts forward the corresponding countermeasures on the analysis of the third part, focusing on the legal countermeasures, mainly including, determining the competent authorities in ballast water control and management, and perfecting the laws and regulations related to the ballast water management. The special legislation is suitable for the control and management of ballast water in our country.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.9;D922.6

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 劉偉;史卜坤;;中國加入壓載水公約應(yīng)采取的對策[J];世界海運;2007年06期

2 徐曉Z，

本文編號：1921300