本文關(guān)鍵詞： 瀕危物種 保護(hù)名錄 立法研究　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：瀕危物種保護(hù)法律制度現(xiàn)在是我國(guó)環(huán)境法學(xué)領(lǐng)域理論研究的熱點(diǎn)。我國(guó)是世界上生物多樣性最豐富的國(guó)家之一,依法保護(hù)好瀕危物種對(duì)保護(hù)生物多樣性、改善生態(tài)環(huán)境、維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡、推動(dòng)科技進(jìn)步、維護(hù)國(guó)家形象和聲譽(yù),具有十分重要的意義。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的認(rèn)知程度不夠,我們始終缺乏一種立法精神和立法勇氣——將瀕危物種作為獨(dú)立客體納入到國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)法律體系中。面對(duì)日漸消亡的瀕危物種,人類急需采取有力的措施來(lái)保護(hù)和保存瀕危物種及其基因。而物種的保護(hù)卻是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的工程,它涉及到多方面的內(nèi)容,需要運(yùn)用多種手段進(jìn)行調(diào)控,其中法律手段是瀕危物種保護(hù)最為重要、最為有效的手段之一。雖然我國(guó)已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了一些瀕危物種保護(hù)的法律規(guī)范,也在保護(hù)瀕危物種過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了一定作用。但是,我國(guó)瀕危物種正在加速滅亡卻是一個(gè)不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)。自1989年制定《野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法》以來(lái),瀕危動(dòng)物的保護(hù)才算有了法律體系支撐,并且該法一定程度上保護(hù)了現(xiàn)存于世的大量瀕危動(dòng)物。但是,近二十年的時(shí)間,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與瀕危物種法律保護(hù)之間的矛盾日益突出,《野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法》的規(guī)定很難體現(xiàn)當(dāng)今的時(shí)代需求,有許多亟待完善之處；在瀕危植物保護(hù)方面,1997年出臺(tái)了一部保護(hù)野生植物的行政法規(guī)《野生植物保護(hù)條例》。但條例只是行政法規(guī),僅僅依靠《野生植物保護(hù)條例》來(lái)控制和管理同樣既不利于瀕危植物物種的保護(hù),也不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在社會(huì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),在實(shí)際貫徹和執(zhí)行中,起不到應(yīng)有的震懾作用。 瀕危物種作為生物多樣性的重要組成部分,不僅承載著生命發(fā)展延續(xù)的無(wú)盡秘密,也作為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和整個(gè)人類不可或缺的精神及物質(zhì)財(cái)富而存在。我們無(wú)論從政治路線還是立法意圖都一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)中國(guó)特色,但是瀕危物種的保護(hù)問(wèn)題是一個(gè)最沒(méi)有特色的問(wèn)題。在全球化已經(jīng)到來(lái)的時(shí)候,它已經(jīng)躍先成為了各個(gè)國(guó)家、組織以及有法律意識(shí)的公民所普遍關(guān)心的全球化問(wèn)題。為此我國(guó)在瀕危物種保護(hù)的立法上,首先應(yīng)該明確瀕危物種的法律定義,定義如果出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,那么保護(hù)對(duì)象的范圍與立法的初衷就會(huì)大相徑庭。第二,立足中國(guó)國(guó)情、放眼世界,更多地學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒國(guó)外的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),制定一套完善又適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的法律法規(guī)體系。但有一點(diǎn)需要明確——立足國(guó)情的含義,并不是自我妥協(xié),而是自我完善的過(guò)程。第三,瀕危物種的種種特征表明作為生物多樣性中體現(xiàn)物種多樣性的實(shí)體,它無(wú)論在立法規(guī)制還是法律執(zhí)行上相對(duì)于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣性和基因多樣性的保護(hù)都具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。第四,對(duì)于瀕危物種資源的保護(hù),應(yīng)盡快由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)或者常務(wù)委員會(huì)制定一部《瀕危物種保護(hù)法》,將其置于該領(lǐng)域各單行法律、法規(guī)之上,專門管理瀕危物種資源。 瀕危物種保護(hù)法通過(guò)調(diào)整社會(huì)關(guān)系,以協(xié)調(diào)保護(hù)與利用的關(guān)系,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)于瀕危物種資源的可持續(xù)利用。該法應(yīng)以可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念為指導(dǎo),以法律形式明確規(guī)定珍稀瀕危野生生物保護(hù)的目的、基本原則、基本制度,明確各級(jí)、各行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)權(quán)限及管理分工、管理程序,加大對(duì)違法者的制裁。此外,還應(yīng)強(qiáng)化瀕危物種名錄的法律地位,加強(qiáng)公眾參與的法律地位和相應(yīng)權(quán)利義務(wù)的規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:The legal system of protection of endangered species in China is now a hot research field theory of environmental law. China is one of the world's most biodiverse countries to protect endangered species to protect biodiversity, improve the ecological environment, maintain ecological balance, promote the progress of science and technology, the maintenance of national image and reputation is very important due to significance. The economic development and social awareness is not enough, we still lack of a legislative intent and courage will be endangered species as an independent object into the national environmental protection legal system. In the face of the extinction of endangered species, human beings need to take effective measures to protect and preserve the endangered species and its protection is gene. The species is a complex project, it involves many aspects, need to use various means of regulation, the legal means are endangered species For the protection of the most important, one of the most effective means. Although China has promulgated a number of endangered species protection laws and regulations, but also play a certain role in the protection of endangered species. However, the endangered species in China is accelerating the destruction is an indisputable fact. Since 1989 to develop "wild animal protection law, protection of endangered animal to have legal support system, and a large number of endangered animal species exist in the world of the law to a certain extent. However, in the past twenty years, we find that the contradiction between economic development and legal protection of endangered species have become increasingly prominent," wild animal protection law "it is difficult to reflect the needs of today's era, there are many aspects to perfect the protection of endangered plants; in 1997, introduced a wild plant protection regulations" Regulations on the protection of wild plants. But the only line The rule and regulation of politics and law only rely on the regulation and management of wild plants protection. It is also not conducive to the protection of endangered plant species, nor to the current social development trend. It cannot play a deterrent role in the actual implementation and implementation.
Endangered species as an important part of biodiversity, not only carrying the continuation of the endless life secret, as well as the spiritual and material wealth indispensable ecosystems and the human being. We are both from the political or legislative intent has repeatedly emphasized that the Chinese characteristics, but the protection of endangered species is not one of the most characteristic the problems coming with the globalization, it has become the first step in various countries, globalization issues of concern and legal consciousness of citizens in our country. This endangered species protection legislation, should first clear the legal definition of endangered species, if the definition of an error, then the scope of protection and legislation the intention will be quite different. Second, based on the Chinese conditions, more advanced experience have the whole world in view, and learn from abroad, for a Good and suitable for the situation of Chinese legal system. But it needs clear meaning -- Based on the national conditions, and not self compromise, but the process of self-improvement. Third, various features of endangered species showed that as the embodiment of biological diversity, species diversity and its protection entity, genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity it has obvious advantages in terms of legislation or regulations. Compared to fourth, for the protection of endangered species resources, should as soon as possible by the National People's Congress or the Standing Committee to formulate a "endangered species protection law >, above will be placed in the field of specific laws, regulations, specialized management of endangered species resources.
The endangered species protection act through the adjustment of social relations, to coordinate the relationship between protection and utilization, so as to realize the sustainable use of endangered species resources. The law should be guided by the concept of sustainable development, defined in the legal form of endangered wildlife protection purposes, basic principle, basic system, clear levels, various organizations authority and the management division, management procedures, increase offender sanctions. In addition, it should strengthen the legal status of the endangered species list, the provision of legal status of public participation and the corresponding rights and obligations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 周躍華;;關(guān)于《國(guó)家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生藥材物種名錄》修訂之探討[J];中國(guó)現(xiàn)代中藥;2012年09期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 衛(wèi)青青;中華鱘保護(hù)的地方立法研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

2 粟家玉;新疆野生植物資源法律保護(hù)制度研究[D];新疆大學(xué);2013年

3 劉丹娟;基于GPRS的瀕危植物生態(tài)環(huán)境因子動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1486783