發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-24 08:44

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： SPS協(xié)定 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則 WTO法　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則起源于德國(guó)環(huán)境法,在國(guó)際環(huán)境法中發(fā)展成熟,現(xiàn)已成為國(guó)際環(huán)境法的重要原則之一。在國(guó)際貿(mào)易持續(xù)發(fā)展的今天,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則逐漸呈現(xiàn)出向WTO法滲透的趨勢(shì)。《實(shí)施動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的協(xié)定》(SPS協(xié)定)是烏拉圭回合談判的產(chǎn)物,用于約束WTO成員國(guó)在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施,避免產(chǎn)生相關(guān)的貿(mào)易壁壘。在SPS協(xié)定中,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則主要體現(xiàn)在第5.7條,該條規(guī)定在科學(xué)證據(jù)不充分時(shí)成員國(guó)有權(quán)采取臨時(shí)的衛(wèi)生檢疫措施保護(hù)本國(guó)境內(nèi)的環(huán)境和人類、動(dòng)植物的生命健康。隨著人們對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)和自身健康的關(guān)注度日益提高,研究SPS協(xié)定中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。然而,無(wú)論對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的國(guó)際法律地位這種宏觀問(wèn)題,還是SPS協(xié)定下風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的適用要件這種微觀問(wèn)題,雖然相關(guān)案例提供了部分線索,有關(guān)該原則的討論卻從未止息。在紛繁復(fù)雜的爭(zhēng)議之中正確認(rèn)識(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則,探尋我國(guó)對(duì)待風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則所應(yīng)秉持的態(tài)度和做法,是本文重要的寫作目的。本文共分為四個(gè)章節(jié)：第一章闡述了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的歷史沿革及其向WTO法的滲透趨勢(shì),總結(jié)出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的關(guān)鍵要素。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了SPS協(xié)定中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的制度設(shè)計(jì)。第二章介紹了WTO有關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的案例,發(fā)掘當(dāng)前爭(zhēng)端中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則與國(guó)際貿(mào)易的密切聯(lián)系,分析該原則的適用情況和爭(zhēng)議所在。第三章詳細(xì)分析了目前有關(guān)SPS協(xié)定中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的幾大爭(zhēng)議,在厘清各方立場(chǎng)的同時(shí),以案例判決為依據(jù),提出本文對(duì)以上爭(zhēng)議的態(tài)度。第四章揭示了SPS協(xié)定中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示,并結(jié)合發(fā)展中國(guó)家的角色定位提出了我國(guó)面對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的應(yīng)有立場(chǎng)。
[Abstract]:The precautionary principle of risk originated from the German environmental law, developed in the international environmental law, and has become one of the important principles of international environmental law. The principle of risk prevention gradually showed the trend of infiltrating into the WTO method. The Agreement on the implementation of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS Agreement) was the product of the Uruguay Round of negotiations. It is used to restrict the sanitary and phytosanitary measures of WTO member countries in international trade to avoid the occurrence of related trade barriers. In the SPS Agreement, the principle of risk prevention is mainly embodied in Article 5.7. This article provides for the right of member States to take interim sanitary and quarantine measures to protect the environment and human beings in their territories in the event of insufficient scientific evidence. Life and health of animals and plants. With the increasing attention to environmental protection and their own health, it is of great practical significance to study the principle of risk prevention in the SPS agreement. Regardless of the macro problem of the international legal status of the risk prevention principle, or the micro problem of the application elements of the risk prevention principle under the SPS agreement, although the relevant cases provide some clues. The discussion on this principle has never stopped. In the complicated disputes, we should correctly understand the principle of risk prevention and explore the attitude and practice that our country should uphold in dealing with the principle of risk prevention. This paper is an important writing purpose. This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter describes the historical evolution of the principle of risk prevention and its infiltration into the WTO method. The key elements of risk prevention principle are summarized. On this basis, the system design of risk prevention principle in SPS agreement is analyzed. The second chapter introduces the case of risk prevention principle in WTO. Explore the close relationship between the principle of risk prevention and international trade in the current dispute, analyze the application of the principle and where the dispute. Chapter three analyzes the current SPS agreement on the principle of risk prevention several major disputes. At the same time to clarify the positions of the parties, based on the case judgment, this paper puts forward the attitude to the above controversy. Chapter 4th reveals the revelation of the risk prevention principle in the SPS agreement to our country. Combined with the role orientation of developing countries, this paper puts forward our country's due stand on the principle of risk prevention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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本文編號(hào)：1459634