本文關(guān)鍵詞： 環(huán)境公益訴訟 海洋環(huán)境污染 公民訴訟 司法實踐 法律制度構(gòu)建　出處：《中國海洋大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境公益訴訟是指國家機關(guān)、法人、公眾團體或公民以維護環(huán)境公益為目的,針對觸犯環(huán)境公共利益的行為提起的訴訟。我國日益凸顯的環(huán)境污染問題,引發(fā)了對構(gòu)建環(huán)境公益訴訟制度的研究熱潮,雖然這一制度尚未形成,但我國對這一制度的理論研究已經(jīng)比較成熟,為構(gòu)建這一制度提供了充足的理論基礎(chǔ)。 我國傳統(tǒng)法律制度往往重視“對人的損害”,很少關(guān)注“對環(huán)境的損害”,因此,我國未形成環(huán)境損害賠償?shù)挠嘘P(guān)制度或量化標準。同時,傳統(tǒng)訴訟法中的“直接利害關(guān)系”理論,將大多數(shù)社會公眾拒之于環(huán)境公益訴訟門外,致使我國環(huán)境公益訴訟制度的構(gòu)建面臨巨大阻礙。由于海洋的重要性及特殊性,其污染具有明顯的公益特征,因此,順應(yīng)國際環(huán)境保護趨勢,將環(huán)境公益訴訟制度引入海洋環(huán)境保護領(lǐng)域,建立海洋環(huán)境污染公益訴訟制度尤為必要。 海洋環(huán)境污染公益訴訟制度,是國家機關(guān)、法人、公眾團體或公民為維護我國海洋環(huán)境公共利益,針對損害海洋環(huán)境公共利益的行為提起訴訟的法律制度。我國現(xiàn)有環(huán)境公益訴訟理論、國外環(huán)境公益訴訟制度及實踐,對我國構(gòu)建我國海洋環(huán)境污染公益訴訟的有關(guān)制度具有重要的借鑒意義。文章第一部分從現(xiàn)有環(huán)境公益訴訟的定義中,析出判斷環(huán)境公益訴訟的關(guān)鍵,并概括了環(huán)境公益訴訟的法律地位和主要制度。第二部分簡要概述了海洋環(huán)境污染的特征、危害,總結(jié)了我國海洋環(huán)境污染保護中存在的立法、行政問題,從而論證了構(gòu)建海洋環(huán)境污染公益訴訟制度的必要性。第三部分則以美國環(huán)境公益訴訟制度為借鑒,重點闡述了公民訴訟中有關(guān)制度,同時對“墨西哥灣”漏油事故進行評析,認為美國在海洋環(huán)境保護中采用了雙重保護模式。第四部分概括了我國有關(guān)海洋環(huán)境污染公益訴訟制度建立的法律依據(jù)及障礙,并結(jié)合“塔斯曼海輪”案件進一步闡明構(gòu)建海洋環(huán)境污染公益訴訟制度存在的現(xiàn)實問題。 最后,本文在第五、第六部分以美國公民訴訟制度及其司法實踐為借鑒,結(jié)合我國的司法實踐,主要對被告范圍、原告資格標準及次序問題、濫訴限制問題以及污染損害賠償?shù)姆秶�、量化方法等方面提出建議,以期更好的指導我國海洋環(huán)境污染公益訴訟制度的構(gòu)建及司法實踐。
[Abstract]:Environmental public interest litigation is a lawsuit brought by state organs, legal persons, public organizations or citizens for the purpose of safeguarding environmental public interest. The environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more prominent in our country. Although this system has not yet been formed, the theoretical study of this system in China has been relatively mature, which provides a sufficient theoretical basis for the construction of this system. China's traditional legal system often attaches importance to "damage to human beings", and rarely pays attention to "damage to the environment". Therefore, there is no relevant system or quantitative standard for compensation for environmental damage in China. At the same time. The theory of "direct interest" in the traditional procedural law keeps the majority of the public out of the door of environmental public interest litigation. Because of the importance and particularity of the ocean, its pollution has obvious commonweal characteristics, so it conforms to the trend of international environmental protection. It is necessary to introduce the environmental public interest litigation system into the field of marine environmental protection and establish the public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution. Public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution is a state organ, legal person, public organization or citizen in order to safeguard the public interests of marine environment in our country. The legal system of litigation against the act of harming the public interests of the marine environment, the theory of environmental public interest litigation in our country, and the system and practice of foreign environmental public interest litigation. The first part of the article analyzes the key to judge the environmental public interest litigation from the definition of the existing environmental public interest litigation. And summarized the legal status and main system of environmental public interest litigation. The second part briefly summarized the characteristics and harm of marine environmental pollution, summed up the existing legislative and administrative problems in the protection of marine environmental pollution in China. Thus the necessity of constructing public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution is demonstrated. The third part is based on the United States environmental public interest litigation system, focusing on the civil litigation system. At the same time, the "Gulf of Mexico" oil spill assessment. Part 4th summarizes the legal basis and obstacles of the establishment of public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution in China. In combination with the Tasman Sea ship case, the paper further clarifies the practical problems in constructing the public interest litigation system of marine environmental pollution. Finally, this article in the 5th, 6th part of the U. S. civil litigation system and its judicial practice as a reference, combined with our judicial practice, mainly on the scope of defendants, plaintiff qualification criteria and order issues. In order to better guide the construction and judicial practice of the public interest litigation system of marine environment pollution in China, some suggestions are put forward in the aspects of the limitation of excessive action and the scope of compensation for pollution damage and the method of quantification.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D925;D922.68

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 李遠;海洋環(huán)境公益訴訟法律問題研究[D];大連海事大學;2013年

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本文編號：1459760