【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會瞬息萬變,對于那些不能即時(shí)履行的合同,在有效成立后至履行期到來前,有可能出現(xiàn)很多無法預(yù)測的新情況新變化,而使得合同到期無法或難以履行。同為保護(hù)合同債權(quán)期待而設(shè)置的法律制度,不安抗辯權(quán)和預(yù)期違約各自在大陸法系及英美法系中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。 我國雖屬大陸法系,但1999年頒布的《合同法》在第68、69條和第94條第2款、第108條中創(chuàng)造性地吸收、借鑒了大陸法系不安抗辯權(quán)制度以及英美法系預(yù)期違約制度的精華,將分屬于不同法系的兩種制度融合于一部法律之中,形成了具有中國特色的期前救濟(jì)規(guī)則。這在進(jìn)一步防范合同風(fēng)險(xiǎn),保障交易安全以及維護(hù)當(dāng)事人的權(quán)益等方面的確具有積極意義。但自從合同法頒布后,學(xué)界褒貶不一,對其的爭論亦從未停止過。 本文以從理論的完整性和邏輯的合理性上厘清我國《合同法》中的不安抗辯權(quán)及預(yù)期違約制度為目的,首先,結(jié)合歷史考證法,分別對兩種制度進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,包括它們的內(nèi)涵、價(jià)值理念、在立法或判例上的發(fā)展等,并對它們各自的適用條件以及相應(yīng)的救濟(jì)規(guī)則做出總結(jié)歸納。其次,主要運(yùn)用比較研究的方法考察兩種制度之間的異同,指出作為分屬不同法系、繼承不同法律傳統(tǒng)的兩種制度,盡管有些形似,事實(shí)上卻在價(jià)值理念、具體制度、表現(xiàn)形式等方面具有質(zhì)的區(qū)別。再次,結(jié)合《合同法》的規(guī)定,對我國該種體系安排是否合理妥當(dāng)進(jìn)行分析評價(jià)。最后,在分析學(xué)者們爭論的焦點(diǎn)問題基礎(chǔ)上,指出我國《合同法》相關(guān)規(guī)定的不足并就如何進(jìn)一步完善提出建議,即,我國《合同法》完全可以通過對不安抗辯權(quán)制度本身以及與之密切相關(guān)的制度,如給付不能、大陸法上的拒絕履行制度、合同法定解除制度等的調(diào)整,從內(nèi)外兩方面克服傳統(tǒng)不安抗辯權(quán)制度的大部分缺陷。從而在回歸大陸法系傳統(tǒng)的同時(shí),通過完善現(xiàn)行立法以及配套的司法解釋,采納預(yù)期違約制度的合理因素,取長補(bǔ)短,既發(fā)揮兩種制度應(yīng)有的作用,同時(shí)避免沖突和矛盾,從而更有效地保護(hù)合同雙方的利益,起到保障交易安全、提高交易效率的作用,并在司法實(shí)踐中避免理解和運(yùn)用上的混亂。
[Abstract]:Modern society is changing rapidly, for those contracts that can not be performed immediately, many unpredictable new situations and new changes may occur after effective establishment until the arrival of the performance period, which makes the contract expired or difficult to perform. In the legal system set up for the purpose of protecting the expectation of contractual creditor's rights, the right of uneasy defense and the anticipatory breach of contract play an important role in the civil law system and the common law system respectively. Although our country belongs to the civil law system, the contract Law promulgated in 1999 is absorbed creatively in Article 6869, Article 94, paragraph 2, Article 108, and draws lessons from the essence of the system of the right of uneasiness of the Civil Law system and the system of anticipatory breach of contract in the common law system. The two systems belonging to different legal systems are merged into one law, and the pre-period relief rules with Chinese characteristics are formed. It has positive significance in preventing contract risk, protecting transaction security and protecting the rights and interests of the parties. However, since the promulgation of contract Law, scholars have been mixed, and the controversy about it has never stopped. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the uneasiness right of defense and the system of anticipatory breach of contract in the light of the integrity of theory and the reasonableness of logic. Firstly, combining with historical textual research, this paper makes a systematic study of the two systems. It includes their connotation, value concept, the development of legislation or case law, and summarizes their respective applicable conditions and corresponding relief rules. Secondly, we mainly use the method of comparative study to investigate the similarities and differences between the two systems, and point out that the two systems, which belong to different legal systems and inherit different legal traditions, although some of them are similar in shape, in fact, are in the concept of value and the specific system. There is a qualitative difference in the form of expression. Thirdly, according to the provisions of contract Law, this paper analyzes and evaluates the rationality and appropriateness of the system arrangement in China. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the focal points of the scholars, this paper points out the deficiencies of the relevant provisions of the contract Law of our country and puts forward some suggestions on how to further improve them, that is, China's contract Law can adjust the system of the right of disquiet defense itself and the system closely related to it, such as the failure to pay, the system of refusal to perform in mainland law, the system of legal rescission of contracts, and so on. From both internal and external aspects to overcome most of the defects of the traditional system of uneasiness right of defense. In order to return to the tradition of the civil law system, through perfecting the current legislation and supporting judicial interpretation, adopting the reasonable factors of anticipatory breach of contract system, learning from each other, not only the two systems should play their due role, but also to avoid conflicts and contradictions. Thus more effectively protect the interests of both parties to the contract, play a role in ensuring the security of transactions, improve the efficiency of transactions, and avoid confusion in understanding and application in judicial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D923.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 高琴;默示預(yù)期違約研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué);2014年

2 王宏娜;不安抗辯權(quán)的法律適用研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：2385731