隨著石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展,剛果國(guó)家越來(lái)越多的面臨石油污染問(wèn)題,石油污染是一大威脅海洋環(huán)境的污染。而石油污染幾乎全是來(lái)自漏油,漏油是釋放液體石油烴到環(huán)境由于人類活動(dòng),是一種形式的污染。這個(gè)詞通常是指海洋石油泄漏,石油被釋放到海洋或沿海水域。其中石油可能是各種材料,包括原油,精煉石油產(chǎn)品,一旦泄漏要采取幾個(gè)月甚至幾年時(shí)間來(lái)清理。因此本文著重論述了剛果海上運(yùn)輸石油應(yīng)用的民事賠償責(zé)任。 很大部分人認(rèn)為石油污染主要是來(lái)自陸地上的活動(dòng),但社會(huì)的注意力和規(guī)則已經(jīng)把重點(diǎn)傾向于最引人關(guān)注的航海油輪,這是正確的�；谑臀廴締�(wèn)題,剛果共和國(guó)已批準(zhǔn)一些關(guān)于民事責(zé)任油污損害公約,并舉行會(huì)議研討發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對(duì),以確保建立對(duì)被侵權(quán)人及時(shí)合理的補(bǔ)償和賠償?shù)牡牧己玫木葷?jì)體制,本文主要分為四個(gè)部分: 第一部分是有關(guān)海洋環(huán)境的一般概念的解釋和界定,對(duì)關(guān)于海洋環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵主題進(jìn)行了詮釋。 第二部分涉及國(guó)家的責(zé)任,防止海洋污染的義務(wù)。因此,我們將分析締約國(guó)的相關(guān)責(zé)任和石油污染賠償原則,以確保良好的適用公約,確保受害者的賠償。 第三部分論述石油污染損害的民事賠償責(zé)任原則。根據(jù)CLC公約,基金公約,有害物質(zhì)和燃油公約,該船只的所有...

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【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PART Ⅰ-THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
    CHAPTER Ⅰ-SEA AREAS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
    CHAPTER Ⅱ-MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
        Section1-Marine Pollution
        Section2-Oil pollution
PART Ⅱ-THE STATE RESPONSIBILITY
    CHAPTER Ⅰ-STATE RESPONSIBILITY
        Section 1-The principle of state responsibility
        Section 2-The principle of precautionary
    CHAPTER Ⅱ-STATE'S SUPERVISION ON SHIP ABOUT OIL POLLUTION
        Section 1-United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,1982,(UNCLOS)
        Section 2-International Convention for Prevention of Pollution by ship MARPOL 73/78
        Section 3-The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution damage,2001
PART Ⅲ-LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION FOR OIL POLLUTION
    CHAPTER Ⅰ-THE PRINCIPLE OF CIVIL LIABILITY
        A-The principle of civil liability
        B-civil liability for oil pollution from ships
    CHAPTER 2-THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CIVIL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE
        A-The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage1992(CLC 92)
        B-The International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage 1992
        C-The International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea(1996 HNS Convention)
PART Ⅳ-THE IMPLEMENTING OF THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS ON THE PROTECTION OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO
    CHAPTER I-LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
        Section 1-Legal framework
        Section 2-The institutional framework of marine protection
    CHAPTER Ⅱ-THE PROBLEMS OF OIL POLLUTION IN CONGO
        Section 1-The risks of oil spills in the Basin of Congo
        Section 2-Limits of regulation on compensation of oil pollution
        Section 3-Lack of system on compensation for oil pollution damage in Congo
    CHAPTER Ⅲ-ANALYSIS OF SOME COMPENSATION SYSTEM FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY OIL POLLUTION IN DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES
        A-The system of compensation within the European states
        B-The USA compensation system
        C-The Canadian System on compensation and response for oil spill
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
THANKS



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