反恐怖融資戰(zhàn)略初探
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-03 04:47
【摘要】：恐怖活動(dòng)是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展到一定階段的產(chǎn)物,對(duì)人類的生存、發(fā)展構(gòu)成了極大的威脅。金錢(qián)是恐怖主義的生命線,目前,所知的大規(guī)�？植阑顒�(dòng)不是任何(?)個(gè)個(gè)人或國(guó)家都有實(shí)力從事的,這些活動(dòng)都需要雄厚的資金來(lái)源。沒(méi)有雄厚的資金支持,恐怖活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法進(jìn)行。完善中國(guó)金融反恐立法,有效切斷恐怖主義財(cái)源,從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度限制其生存、發(fā)展是當(dāng)務(wù)之急�！�9·11”事件以后,以美國(guó)為首的西方國(guó)家建立了國(guó)際金融反恐陣營(yíng),以期各國(guó)攜手在更廣的范圍內(nèi)給恐怖主義金融供給線以沉重的打擊。中國(guó)對(duì)這種恐怖主義融資犯罪活動(dòng)的偵查還處在比較傳統(tǒng)的方式上,針對(duì)性較弱。對(duì)諸如銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)助司法機(jī)關(guān)間接偵查等先進(jìn)打擊方式的引入上還存在一定差距,至今還存在面臨審判實(shí)踐“零適用”的困局�？梢�(jiàn),高度重視反恐怖融資的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值和戰(zhàn)略意義,快速構(gòu)建中國(guó)反恐怖融資戰(zhàn)略,是當(dāng)前我國(guó)遏制和打擊恐怖主義活動(dòng)的首要任務(wù)。 本文首先對(duì)當(dāng)前恐怖主義活動(dòng)的基本類型和最新動(dòng)向進(jìn)行了初步歸納,進(jìn)而列舉并分析了當(dāng)前遏制和打擊恐怖主義的主要手段和效果。通過(guò)分析表明,由于恐怖主義活動(dòng)介乎犯罪與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之間的特殊性,傳統(tǒng)的以“震懾”和“報(bào)應(yīng)”為主要理論的刑罰思想及刑事政策,對(duì)于打擊恐怖主義活動(dòng)引發(fā)的犯罪并無(wú)十分顯著的效果。為此,探究并建立以通過(guò)摧毀恐怖主義活動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)為主要目標(biāo)的反恐怖融資戰(zhàn)略,即將資助恐怖主義活動(dòng)入罪化的刑事政策,對(duì)于打擊和遏制恐怖主義活動(dòng)即具有十分重要的意義。通過(guò)反恐怖融資戰(zhàn)略的構(gòu)建,能夠及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和預(yù)防恐怖主義活動(dòng),控制非法資金以保證經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)安全,最終摧毀恐怖主義活動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。 通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)以及西方代表國(guó)家對(duì)于反恐怖融資經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)習(xí)和比較,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),作為將特定經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)入罪化反向遏制上游犯罪活動(dòng)的一種有效手段,反恐怖融資戰(zhàn)略和反洗錢(qián)戰(zhàn)略同樣受到高度重視。聯(lián)合國(guó)通過(guò)的《制止向恐怖主義提供資助的國(guó)際公約》、金融行動(dòng)特別工作組就提出的《打擊恐怖融資九條特別建議》對(duì)全球范圍的反恐怖主義融資戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)行了明確的部署,美、英、加拿大等國(guó)家也在國(guó)內(nèi)法中積極響應(yīng)和落實(shí),從而有效提高了打擊恐怖主義活動(dòng)的能力。 我國(guó)反恐怖融資戰(zhàn)略尚處于布局階段,審判實(shí)踐“零適用”的現(xiàn)狀和當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)恐怖活動(dòng)實(shí)際情況并不相適應(yīng)。為此,應(yīng)當(dāng)從完善刑事立法、建立“凍結(jié)”和“沒(méi)收”轉(zhuǎn)向制度、探索激勵(lì)機(jī)制以及健全執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)等多方面入手,盡快構(gòu)建起完善的反恐怖融資戰(zhàn)略體系。
[Abstract]:Terrorist activities are the product of the development of modern society to a certain stage, which poses a great threat to the survival and development of human beings. Money is the lifeline of terrorism, and at present, the known large-scale terrorist activities are not any (?) Each individual or country has the strength to engage in these activities, these activities need a strong source of funding. Without strong financial support, terrorist activities cannot be carried out at all. It is urgent to perfect China's financial and counter-terrorism legislation, effectively cut off the financial resources of terrorism, and limit its survival from an economic point of view. After the 9 / 11 incident, western countries led by the United States established an international financial and counter-terrorism camp. In order to work together to deal a heavy blow to the terrorist financial supply line in a wider range. The investigation of this kind of terrorist financing crime in China is still in the more traditional way, the pertinence is weak. There is still a certain gap in the introduction of advanced strike methods, such as banks and other financial institutions to assist judicial organs in indirect investigation, and there is still a difficulty in facing the "zero application" of trial practice. It can be seen that attaching great importance to the strategic value and significance of anti-terrorist financing and quickly constructing China's anti-terrorist financing strategy is the primary task of our country to curb and crack down on terrorist activities at present. This paper first summarizes the basic types and latest trends of current terrorist activities, and then enumerates and analyzes the main means and effects of curbing and combating terrorism at present. The analysis shows that due to the particularity of terrorist activities between crime and war, the traditional penalty thought and criminal policy are based on the main theories of "deterrence" and "retribution". It has no significant effect on combating the crimes caused by terrorist activities. To this end, to explore and establish an anti-terrorist financing strategy aimed at decriminalizing the financing of terrorist activities, with the main objective of destroying the economic base of terrorist activities, It is of great significance to combat and curb terrorist activities. Through the construction of anti-terrorist financing strategy, we can detect and prevent terrorist activities in time, control illegal funds to ensure the security of economic activities, and finally destroy the economic base of terrorist activities. Through the study and comparison of the experience of the international community and the representative countries of the West in anti-terrorist financing, it is not difficult to find that it is an effective means of decriminalizing specific economic activities and curbing upstream criminal activities, Anti-terrorist financing strategy and anti-money laundering strategy are also highly valued. The International Convention for the suppression of the financing of Terrorism, adopted by the United Nations, and the Financial Action Task Force have made a clear deployment of a global counter-terrorism financing strategy on the nine special recommendations for combating terrorist financing, The United States, Britain, Canada and other countries have also responded and implemented positively in their domestic laws, thus effectively improving their ability to combat terrorist activities. The anti-terrorist financing strategy of our country is still in the layout stage, and the present situation of "zero application" in trial practice is not suitable for the actual situation of domestic terrorist activities at present. Therefore, we should perfect the criminal legislation, establish the turning system of "freezing" and "forfeiture", explore the incentive mechanism and perfect the law enforcement agencies, so as to construct a perfect strategic system of anti-terrorist financing as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D997.9
本文編號(hào)：2491679
[Abstract]:Terrorist activities are the product of the development of modern society to a certain stage, which poses a great threat to the survival and development of human beings. Money is the lifeline of terrorism, and at present, the known large-scale terrorist activities are not any (?) Each individual or country has the strength to engage in these activities, these activities need a strong source of funding. Without strong financial support, terrorist activities cannot be carried out at all. It is urgent to perfect China's financial and counter-terrorism legislation, effectively cut off the financial resources of terrorism, and limit its survival from an economic point of view. After the 9 / 11 incident, western countries led by the United States established an international financial and counter-terrorism camp. In order to work together to deal a heavy blow to the terrorist financial supply line in a wider range. The investigation of this kind of terrorist financing crime in China is still in the more traditional way, the pertinence is weak. There is still a certain gap in the introduction of advanced strike methods, such as banks and other financial institutions to assist judicial organs in indirect investigation, and there is still a difficulty in facing the "zero application" of trial practice. It can be seen that attaching great importance to the strategic value and significance of anti-terrorist financing and quickly constructing China's anti-terrorist financing strategy is the primary task of our country to curb and crack down on terrorist activities at present. This paper first summarizes the basic types and latest trends of current terrorist activities, and then enumerates and analyzes the main means and effects of curbing and combating terrorism at present. The analysis shows that due to the particularity of terrorist activities between crime and war, the traditional penalty thought and criminal policy are based on the main theories of "deterrence" and "retribution". It has no significant effect on combating the crimes caused by terrorist activities. To this end, to explore and establish an anti-terrorist financing strategy aimed at decriminalizing the financing of terrorist activities, with the main objective of destroying the economic base of terrorist activities, It is of great significance to combat and curb terrorist activities. Through the construction of anti-terrorist financing strategy, we can detect and prevent terrorist activities in time, control illegal funds to ensure the security of economic activities, and finally destroy the economic base of terrorist activities. Through the study and comparison of the experience of the international community and the representative countries of the West in anti-terrorist financing, it is not difficult to find that it is an effective means of decriminalizing specific economic activities and curbing upstream criminal activities, Anti-terrorist financing strategy and anti-money laundering strategy are also highly valued. The International Convention for the suppression of the financing of Terrorism, adopted by the United Nations, and the Financial Action Task Force have made a clear deployment of a global counter-terrorism financing strategy on the nine special recommendations for combating terrorist financing, The United States, Britain, Canada and other countries have also responded and implemented positively in their domestic laws, thus effectively improving their ability to combat terrorist activities. The anti-terrorist financing strategy of our country is still in the layout stage, and the present situation of "zero application" in trial practice is not suitable for the actual situation of domestic terrorist activities at present. Therefore, we should perfect the criminal legislation, establish the turning system of "freezing" and "forfeiture", explore the incentive mechanism and perfect the law enforcement agencies, so as to construct a perfect strategic system of anti-terrorist financing as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D997.9
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