【摘要】：煙草流行已成全球性的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題。健康權(quán),是與生俱來(lái)的基本權(quán)利,如果吸煙者在吸煙的同時(shí),損害到被動(dòng)吸煙者的健康權(quán),那么這種自由就必須受到一定的限制。世界衛(wèi)組織針對(duì)煙草流行全球化之趨勢(shì),以保護(hù)被動(dòng)吸煙者健康權(quán)、維系良好生存環(huán)境為出發(fā)點(diǎn),于2003年5月21日,在第56屆世界衛(wèi)生大會(huì)一致通過(guò)了《煙草控制框架公約》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《公約》)。《公約》自2006年1月9日起在我國(guó)生效,根據(jù)對(duì)《公約》的承諾,我國(guó)將于今年1月9日起實(shí)現(xiàn)公共場(chǎng)所全面禁煙。如今承諾期到,但我國(guó)的履約承諾以失敗告終。 本文首先通過(guò)對(duì)煙草危害和健康權(quán)的闡述明確公共場(chǎng)所禁煙的現(xiàn)實(shí)與法律基礎(chǔ)。其次從防止煙草煙霧、煙草的稅收和價(jià)格、煙草包裝制品和標(biāo)簽、煙草廣告以及煙草供應(yīng)領(lǐng)域五個(gè)方面,探討了《公約》在我國(guó)的履約情況,通過(guò)現(xiàn)狀與《公約》的對(duì)比,指出我國(guó)《公約》的履行情況不容樂(lè)觀(guān)。進(jìn)而從我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的煙草專(zhuān)賣(mài)體制、公共場(chǎng)所禁煙的履約機(jī)制、執(zhí)法能力以及公眾意識(shí)等方面入手,分析了導(dǎo)致我國(guó)履約不力的主要原因。最后以此為切入點(diǎn),在總結(jié)國(guó)際先進(jìn)控?zé)焽?guó)履約實(shí)踐與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)公共場(chǎng)所全面無(wú)煙環(huán)境的相關(guān)措施。 控?zé)熞咽侨虻墓餐厔?shì)。中國(guó)公共場(chǎng)所禁煙目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)任重道遠(yuǎn)。盡管這個(gè)過(guò)程可能是漫長(zhǎng)的、曲折的,但是為了公共的健康,公共場(chǎng)所禁煙發(fā)展方向不會(huì)改變。
[Abstract]:Tobacco epidemic has become a global public health problem. The right to health is a fundamental right born to smokers. If smokers damage the right to health of passive smokers while smoking, then this freedom must be restricted to a certain extent. In response to the trend of globalization of the tobacco epidemic, the World Health Organization, based on the protection of the right to health of passive smokers and the maintenance of a good living environment, was held on 21 May 2003, At the 56th World Health Assembly, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) was unanimously adopted. The Convention has entered into force in China since January 9, 2006, in accordance with its commitments to the Convention. China will achieve a total ban on smoking in public places from January 9 this year. Now the commitment period has arrived, but China's compliance commitments ended in failure. First of all, this paper clarifies the reality and legal basis of smoking ban in public places by expounding the harm and right to health of tobacco. Secondly, from five aspects: preventing tobacco smoke, tobacco tax and price, tobacco packaging products and labels, tobacco advertising and tobacco supply, this paper discusses the performance of the Convention in China, and compares the present situation with the Convention. It is pointed out that the implementation of the Convention in China is not optimistic. Then, from the aspects of the current tobacco monopoly system, the performance mechanism of smoking ban in public places, the law enforcement ability and public consciousness, this paper analyzes the main reasons for the lack of performance in our country. Finally, taking this as the starting point, on the basis of summing up the practice and experience of international advanced tobacco control countries, this paper puts forward some relevant measures to realize the comprehensive smoke-free environment in public places in China. Tobacco control has become a common trend in the world. There is a long way to go to achieve the goal of banning smoking in public places in China. Although the process may be long and tortuous, the direction of smoking ban in public places will not change for the sake of public health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.1;D996.9

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本文編號(hào)：2490659