論ICSID仲裁機(jī)制及完善
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-28 22:54
【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和一體化的不斷發(fā)展,國(guó)際投資日益成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)舞臺(tái)上最重要的角色之一。多年的實(shí)踐證明,有閑置資本的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和有資本缺口的發(fā)展中國(guó)家可以通過(guò)利用國(guó)際投資互通有無(wú),取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,實(shí)現(xiàn)資本的優(yōu)化配置。資金短缺的資本輸入國(guó)利用國(guó)際投資促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)發(fā)展,資本輸出者通過(guò)跨國(guó)投資,獲得資金流動(dòng)帶來(lái)的收益。國(guó)際投資在給資本輸出者和資本輸入國(guó)兩個(gè)微觀個(gè)體帶來(lái)積極經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的同時(shí),在全球范圍內(nèi)推動(dòng)了生產(chǎn)和資本的國(guó)際化,帶動(dòng)全世界生產(chǎn)力的大發(fā)展。 國(guó)際投資具有與經(jīng)濟(jì)利益密切相關(guān)的性質(zhì),所以國(guó)際投資在發(fā)揮積極效應(yīng)的過(guò)程中不可避免的會(huì)帶來(lái)各種矛盾。實(shí)踐表明,外國(guó)投資者、東道國(guó)與投資者母國(guó)之間的摩擦?xí)r有發(fā)生。由于這種國(guó)際投資爭(zhēng)端與普通的國(guó)際商事爭(zhēng)端存在著很多不同之處,因此,不能簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò)普通國(guó)際商事仲裁方式解決。在這種背景之下,為了協(xié)調(diào)國(guó)際投資領(lǐng)域爭(zhēng)議雙方的利益沖突,解決投資爭(zhēng)議國(guó)際中心(International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes,簡(jiǎn)稱“中心”或ICSID)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。ICSID的產(chǎn)生為外國(guó)投資者和東道國(guó)之間投資爭(zhēng)端解決提供了一種專門化、效率化的途徑。ICSID自1966年開始投入運(yùn)作, 20世紀(jì)90年代后,受理的國(guó)際投資爭(zhēng)端案件數(shù)量急劇上升,在協(xié)調(diào)外國(guó)投資者私人利益與東道國(guó)國(guó)家利益的平衡關(guān)系上發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用.但隨著實(shí)踐的深入,ICSID仲裁機(jī)制本身逐漸暴露出了許多問(wèn)題。在當(dāng)前國(guó)際投資自由化的大背景下,ICSID仲裁機(jī)制越來(lái)越被廣泛地運(yùn)用在解決因日益增多的國(guó)際投資所帶來(lái)的各種爭(zhēng)端中,如何有效發(fā)揮ICSID仲裁機(jī)制自身固有的優(yōu)勢(shì),改善不足,不僅僅是ICSID自身改革的重點(diǎn),也是各國(guó)學(xué)者研究關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本文從ICSID仲裁機(jī)制設(shè)置的目的出發(fā),從仲裁的管轄權(quán),法律適用,裁決的撤銷,裁決的承認(rèn)和執(zhí)行等方面分析了ICSID仲裁機(jī)制的基本框架。在ICSID仲裁機(jī)制的基本框架內(nèi),將ICSID仲裁機(jī)制與其他普通國(guó)際商事仲裁方式進(jìn)行比較,總結(jié)異同,分析優(yōu)劣。結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí),重點(diǎn)剖析ICSID仲裁機(jī)制因?qū)嵺`發(fā)展暴露出的種種缺陷:仲裁權(quán)不斷擴(kuò)大導(dǎo)致仲裁裁決不一致,外部監(jiān)督機(jī)制的缺失,仲裁員傾向于保護(hù)外國(guó)私人投資者的利益忽視東道國(guó)國(guó)家的公共利益,嚴(yán)格保密原則導(dǎo)致仲裁公信力不足等問(wèn)題。針對(duì)上述種種缺陷,本文提出了改善ICSID仲裁機(jī)制的建議,包括建立合并仲裁制度,增加外部監(jiān)督機(jī)制,平衡仲裁庭中發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家仲裁員的數(shù)量以扭轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)度保護(hù)私人投資者利益的現(xiàn)狀,區(qū)分仲裁程序所處的不同階段采取不同程度保密等措施。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economic globalization and integration, international investment has increasingly become one of the most important roles on the world economic stage. Many years of practice have proved that developed countries with idle capital and developing countries with capital gaps can make use of international investment to learn from each other and make up for their weaknesses to achieve the optimal allocation of capital. Capital importing countries with shortage of funds use international investment to promote economic and technological development, and capital exporters obtain the benefits of capital flow through transnational investment. International investment not only brings positive economic benefits to two micro-individuals of capital exporters and capital importing countries, but also promotes the internationalization of production and capital on a global scale, and drives the great development of productive forces all over the world. International investment is closely related to economic interests, so international investment will inevitably bring all kinds of contradictions in the process of playing a positive effect. Practice shows that frictions between foreign investors, host countries and home countries of investors occur from time to time. Because there are many differences between this kind of international investment dispute and ordinary international commercial dispute, it can not be solved simply by ordinary international commercial arbitration. In this context, in order to coordinate the conflict of interest between the two sides in the field of international investment, the International Centre for the settlement of Investment disputes (International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes,) The emergence of ICSID provides a specialized and efficient way for the settlement of investment disputes between foreign investors and host countries. ICSID has been in operation since 1966, and after the 1990s, The number of international investment disputes accepted has risen sharply, which plays an irreplaceable role in coordinating the balance between the private interests of foreign investors and the national interests of the host country. However, with the deepening of practice, ICSID arbitration mechanism itself has gradually exposed many problems. Under the background of current liberalization of international investment, ICSID arbitration mechanism is more and more widely used to solve all kinds of disputes caused by increasing international investment. How to give full play to the inherent advantages of ICSID arbitration mechanism and improve it is insufficient. It is not only the focus of ICSID's own reform, but also the focus of scholars all over the world. Starting from the purpose of setting up ICSID arbitration mechanism, this paper analyzes the basic framework of ICSID arbitration mechanism from the aspects of jurisdiction, application of law, cancellation of award, recognition and enforcement of award, etc. Within the basic framework of ICSID arbitration mechanism, the ICSID arbitration mechanism is compared with other ordinary international commercial arbitration methods, the similarities and differences are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Combined with reality, this paper focuses on the defects of ICSID arbitration mechanism due to the development of practice: the continuous expansion of arbitration power leads to the inconsistency of arbitral awards, and the lack of external supervision mechanism. Arbitrators tend to protect the interests of foreign private investors and ignore the public interests of the host country. The principle of strict confidentiality leads to the lack of credibility of arbitration. In view of the above defects, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the ICSID arbitration mechanism, including the establishment of a consolidated arbitration system and the addition of an external supervision mechanism. Balance the number of arbitrators in developed and developing countries in order to reverse the status quo of excessive protection of the interests of private investors, distinguish between different stages of arbitration proceedings to take different degrees of confidentiality and other measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D997.4
本文編號(hào)：2487427
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economic globalization and integration, international investment has increasingly become one of the most important roles on the world economic stage. Many years of practice have proved that developed countries with idle capital and developing countries with capital gaps can make use of international investment to learn from each other and make up for their weaknesses to achieve the optimal allocation of capital. Capital importing countries with shortage of funds use international investment to promote economic and technological development, and capital exporters obtain the benefits of capital flow through transnational investment. International investment not only brings positive economic benefits to two micro-individuals of capital exporters and capital importing countries, but also promotes the internationalization of production and capital on a global scale, and drives the great development of productive forces all over the world. International investment is closely related to economic interests, so international investment will inevitably bring all kinds of contradictions in the process of playing a positive effect. Practice shows that frictions between foreign investors, host countries and home countries of investors occur from time to time. Because there are many differences between this kind of international investment dispute and ordinary international commercial dispute, it can not be solved simply by ordinary international commercial arbitration. In this context, in order to coordinate the conflict of interest between the two sides in the field of international investment, the International Centre for the settlement of Investment disputes (International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes,) The emergence of ICSID provides a specialized and efficient way for the settlement of investment disputes between foreign investors and host countries. ICSID has been in operation since 1966, and after the 1990s, The number of international investment disputes accepted has risen sharply, which plays an irreplaceable role in coordinating the balance between the private interests of foreign investors and the national interests of the host country. However, with the deepening of practice, ICSID arbitration mechanism itself has gradually exposed many problems. Under the background of current liberalization of international investment, ICSID arbitration mechanism is more and more widely used to solve all kinds of disputes caused by increasing international investment. How to give full play to the inherent advantages of ICSID arbitration mechanism and improve it is insufficient. It is not only the focus of ICSID's own reform, but also the focus of scholars all over the world. Starting from the purpose of setting up ICSID arbitration mechanism, this paper analyzes the basic framework of ICSID arbitration mechanism from the aspects of jurisdiction, application of law, cancellation of award, recognition and enforcement of award, etc. Within the basic framework of ICSID arbitration mechanism, the ICSID arbitration mechanism is compared with other ordinary international commercial arbitration methods, the similarities and differences are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Combined with reality, this paper focuses on the defects of ICSID arbitration mechanism due to the development of practice: the continuous expansion of arbitration power leads to the inconsistency of arbitral awards, and the lack of external supervision mechanism. Arbitrators tend to protect the interests of foreign private investors and ignore the public interests of the host country. The principle of strict confidentiality leads to the lack of credibility of arbitration. In view of the above defects, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the ICSID arbitration mechanism, including the establishment of a consolidated arbitration system and the addition of an external supervision mechanism. Balance the number of arbitrators in developed and developing countries in order to reverse the status quo of excessive protection of the interests of private investors, distinguish between different stages of arbitration proceedings to take different degrees of confidentiality and other measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D997.4
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