【摘要】：當前跨界環(huán)境損害頻繁發(fā)生,環(huán)境問題已不再是一國國內(nèi)問題。國與國間的地域界限是人為劃分的,不能隔絕各國的往來和相互影響,更不可能將環(huán)境損害阻斷的國界線上。面對國內(nèi)環(huán)境保護問題,各國都會立法加以調(diào)整,但是一旦環(huán)境損害跨越國界波及至鄰國或是蔓延至更遠的未交界的遠邦,要想通過國際立法加以調(diào)整就變得困難重重,最終更多的只能是靠雙方的友好協(xié)商解決,國際司法成功案例極其稀少。但是司法途徑是解決跨界環(huán)境損害問題的必由之路,國際社會也一直在這個方向上努力,且已取得了一定實質(zhì)性的成果。目前,國際社會公認的解決途徑包括國家為其不法行為承擔國家責任和為其國際法不加禁止的危險活動承擔國際賠償責任及運營者為其實施的危險活動承擔民事賠償責任三種。由于跨界環(huán)境損害的發(fā)生多為突發(fā)事件,且致?lián)p行為多為不被國際法所禁止,損害造成后要通過國際訴訟追究國家的責任,難以實現(xiàn),也有所不公,更不利于保護人身財產(chǎn)安全、恢復(fù)受損環(huán)境。因此,以運營者民事賠償責任為主、國際賠償責任為輔的模式,是目前最行之有效的解決之道。我國當前應(yīng)對跨界環(huán)境損害存在立法不足、制度缺失等問題,亟需立法加以完善。
[Abstract]:At present, cross-border environmental damage occurs frequently, and environmental problems are no longer a domestic problem in a country. The regional boundaries between countries are artificially divided, which can not isolate the exchanges and interaction of countries, let alone block the national boundaries of environmental damage. In the face of domestic environmental protection problems, all countries will enact legislation to adjust them, but once environmental damage spreads across national borders to neighboring countries or to distant countries, it becomes difficult to adjust them through international legislation. In the end, it can only be settled by friendly consultation between the two sides, and the successful cases of international justice are extremely rare. However, judicial approach is the only way to solve the problem of cross-border environmental damage, and the international community has been working in this direction, and has achieved some substantive results. At present, the recognized solutions of the international community include the State responsibility for its wrongdoing and the international liability for dangerous activities not prohibited by international law, and the civil liability for the dangerous activities carried out by the operators. Since the occurrence of cross-border environmental damage is mostly emergencies, and most of the damage acts are not prohibited by international law, it is difficult and unfair to investigate the responsibility of the State through international proceedings after the damage has been caused. It is not conducive to the protection of personal and property safety and the restoration of damaged environment. Therefore, the mode of civil liability of operators, supplemented by international liability, is the most effective solution at present. At present, there are some problems in our country, such as insufficient legislation and lack of system, which need to be improved.
【學位授予單位】：南昌大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.9

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本文編號：2486592