【摘要】：工業(yè)革命把人們從原始的生產(chǎn)生活方式帶入了現(xiàn)代,在先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)方式的推動(dòng)下,科學(xué)技術(shù)獲得了突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展,人類社會(huì)近幾百年的發(fā)展成果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了過去幾千年成果的總和。然而,人們?cè)谙硎苓@些先進(jìn)成果的同時(shí)卻不得不承受其帶來的負(fù)面影響。近些年來,國際社會(huì)上有關(guān)跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)的事件頻發(fā)。這些事件不僅給各國國民的人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)帶來大量的損失,而且還極大地破壞了相關(guān)地域及所涉區(qū)域的自然資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境,嚴(yán)重威脅到了人類的生存和發(fā)展。為了對(duì)跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)事件進(jìn)行有效控制,國際社會(huì)傾向于以承擔(dān)跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)責(zé)任的方式來進(jìn)行法律規(guī)制�？鐕h(huán)境侵權(quán)責(zé)任分為國家責(zé)任和民事責(zé)任兩種。在國家賠償責(zé)任遭遇研究的尷尬之后,由侵權(quán)主體承擔(dān)民事賠償責(zé)任的方式成為未來解決跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)的主要手段。 我國在跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域也建立了相應(yīng)的民事賠償責(zé)任制度。在油污損害這一專門環(huán)境侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域,我國主要是通過加入統(tǒng)一實(shí)體條約進(jìn)行調(diào)整;除此之外,有關(guān)跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事賠償責(zé)任的一切法律適用問題,都依照我國國內(nèi)有關(guān)一般侵權(quán)的法律適用規(guī)范進(jìn)行調(diào)整。然而,面對(duì)復(fù)雜的跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)問題,我國目前所存在的相關(guān)法律規(guī)范是無法徹底加以解決的。筆者就此在介紹和分析專門環(huán)境侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域統(tǒng)一實(shí)體規(guī)范、國內(nèi)立法與國際條約中有關(guān)跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)沖突規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出目前我國所存在的問題,并就此問題提出解決方案。 總體而言,本文共分三大部分,引言、正文和結(jié)語。其中正文分四章: 第一章是跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)責(zé)任的概述。主要包括跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)和跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)責(zé)任的定義、特點(diǎn),責(zé)任承擔(dān)的方式以及民事責(zé)任法律適用的沖突。 第二章是跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)責(zé)任之統(tǒng)一實(shí)體規(guī)范解決。文中在對(duì)船舶油污損害、核事故損害以及危險(xiǎn)廢棄物損害等專門領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行概括介紹的前提下,對(duì)依統(tǒng)一實(shí)體規(guī)范解決跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任問題之途徑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足分別進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。 第三章是跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)責(zé)任之沖突規(guī)范解決。此章先對(duì)調(diào)整跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任的沖突規(guī)范從國內(nèi)和國際兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。同時(shí)在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)調(diào)整跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)責(zé)任的“一般沖突規(guī)范”和“特殊沖突規(guī)范”進(jìn)行比較,并最終得出應(yīng)當(dāng)就跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)制定特殊沖突規(guī)范的結(jié)論。 第四章是我國跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)責(zé)任法律適用之完善。筆者對(duì)于這一領(lǐng)域法律適用的建議是在前三章的基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析我國目前法律規(guī)定所存在的問題而有針對(duì)性地對(duì)專門領(lǐng)域的跨國環(huán)境侵權(quán)的民事責(zé)任制度以及特殊的沖突規(guī)范提出建議。
[Abstract]:The industrial revolution brought people from the original way of production and life to modern times. Driven by the advanced mode of production, science and technology developed by leaps and bounds. The development results of human society in the past few hundred years far exceed the sum of the achievements of the past thousands of years. However, people have to bear the negative impact of these advanced achievements while enjoying them. In recent years, there have been frequent incidents of transnational environmental infringement in the international community. These events not only bring a lot of losses to the people and property of various countries, but also greatly destroy the natural resources and ecological environment of the relevant regions and the regions involved, and seriously threaten the survival and development of human beings. In order to control transnational environmental tort effectively, the international community tends to carry out legal regulation by assuming transnational environmental tort liability. Transnational environmental tort liability can be divided into state liability and civil liability. After the embarrassment of the study of national liability for compensation, the way of civil liability by the subject of tort has become the main means to solve the transnational environmental tort in the future. China has also established the corresponding civil liability system in the field of transnational environmental tort. In the field of oil pollution damage, which is a special field of environmental infringement, China is mainly adjusted by joining the unified entity treaty. In addition, all the legal application of civil liability for transnational environmental tort are adjusted in accordance with the applicable norms of general tort in our country. However, in the face of complex transnational environmental tort, the relevant legal norms existing in our country can not be completely solved. On the basis of introducing and analyzing the unified entity norms in the field of special environmental tort, the domestic legislation and the relevant transnational environmental tort conflict norms in international treaties, the author summarizes the existing problems in our country at present. And put forward a solution to this problem. Generally speaking, this paper is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The main body is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is an overview of transnational environmental tort liability. It mainly includes the definition, characteristics, mode of liability and the conflict of the application of civil liability law between transnational environmental tort and transnational environmental tort liability. The second chapter is the unified entity standard solution of transnational environmental tort liability. On the premise of introducing the special fields of ship oil pollution damage, nuclear accident damage and hazardous waste damage, This paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of solving the civil liability problem of transnational environmental tort according to the unified entity norms. The third chapter is the conflict standard resolution of transnational environmental tort liability. This chapter first summarizes the conflict norms of adjusting the civil liability of transnational environmental tort from both domestic and international angles. At the same time, on this basis, the "general conflict norms" and "special conflict norms" for adjusting transnational environmental tort liability are compared, and the conclusion that special conflict norms should be formulated for transnational environmental tort is finally drawn. The fourth chapter is the perfection of the application of transnational environmental tort liability law in our country. The author's suggestions on the application of the law in this field are based on the first three chapters. By analyzing the problems existing in the current legal provisions of our country, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the civil liability system and special conflict norms of transnational environmental tort in special fields.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.9;D997.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉耀;跨國公司環(huán)境法律責(zé)任問題研究[D];中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué);2012年

2 翟新;環(huán)境侵權(quán)救濟(jì)問題比較研究[D];外交學(xué)院;2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：2479188