【摘要】：信息化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)徹底顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)觀念,電子戰(zhàn)、電磁戰(zhàn)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)、信息戰(zhàn)、心理戰(zhàn)等新型作戰(zhàn)樣式不斷超越著人類的想象極限。但計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊已經(jīng)對(duì)國(guó)際和平與安全造成了現(xiàn)實(shí)威脅,尤其給現(xiàn)行國(guó)際法帶來(lái)了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。本文在廣泛研究國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊引發(fā)的國(guó)際法問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了比較全面的概括和分析,并給出了研究結(jié)論或提供了解決辦法。論文主要包括以下內(nèi)容: 第一章“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)合法性研究的理論框架”總結(jié)了“訴諸戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)權(quán)”和“戰(zhàn)時(shí)法”的思想淵源“正義戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)論”、回顧了其從十七世紀(jì)至十九世紀(jì)的歷史變遷、分析了它的現(xiàn)代含義和內(nèi)容,提出并論證了由“訴諸戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)權(quán)”和“戰(zhàn)時(shí)法”組成的理論框架是研究戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)合法性的基本思路和公認(rèn)方法,并分析了該理論框架對(duì)研究計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊國(guó)際法問(wèn)題的適用性。 第二章“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的法律界定”介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的信息化時(shí)代背景和國(guó)家信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的脆弱性,辨析了與計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊密切相關(guān)的“信息作戰(zhàn)”與“信息戰(zhàn)”、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)”與“賽博”等術(shù)語(yǔ)的含義,并對(duì)迄今出現(xiàn)的主要的“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊”定義作了詳細(xì)的分析和比較,在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)出“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊”的法律特征,并從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)法的角度研究了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的作戰(zhàn)手段和方法。 第三章“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊與合法使用武力”以界定“使用武力”的含義為出發(fā)點(diǎn)探討了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊對(duì)《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》第2(4)條的適用問(wèn)題,提出計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊構(gòu)成“使用武力”的條件,并在判斷計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊能否構(gòu)成“武裝攻擊”的基礎(chǔ)上,就援引《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》第51條對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的“武裝攻擊”行為進(jìn)行自衛(wèi)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析。 第四章“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊與武裝沖突法”從武裝沖突法的適用條件出發(fā)研究了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊能否構(gòu)成“武裝沖突”的問(wèn)題,并就日內(nèi)瓦公約的“攻擊”定義與計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的關(guān)系作了分析,對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊如何貫徹區(qū)分原則、軍事必要原則和比例原則進(jìn)行了具體研究。 第五章“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的中立問(wèn)題”在主張中立制度在現(xiàn)代國(guó)際關(guān)系中仍然有效的基礎(chǔ)上,從信息技術(shù)的角度探討了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊產(chǎn)生中立問(wèn)題的根本原因,并就如何解決這些問(wèn)題給出了具體建議。 第六章“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的國(guó)際立法問(wèn)題”總結(jié)了國(guó)際社會(huì)學(xué)術(shù)界和政府對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊進(jìn)行國(guó)際立法的不同觀點(diǎn),對(duì)立法的必要性、內(nèi)容可行性和形式可行性分別進(jìn)行了分析,并提出對(duì)該問(wèn)題的建議。
[Abstract]:Information warfare has completely overturned the traditional concept of war, electronic warfare, electromagnetic warfare, network warfare, information warfare, psychological warfare and other new operational patterns are constantly beyond the limits of human imagination. However, computer network attacks have posed a real threat to international peace and security, especially to the current international law. On the basis of extensive research on relevant academic achievements at home and abroad, this paper makes a comprehensive summary and analysis of the international law problems caused by computer network attacks, and gives the research conclusions or solutions. The thesis mainly includes the following contents: the first chapter "the theoretical framework of the study of the legality of war" summarizes the ideological origin of "the right to resort to war" and "the law of war", "just war theory". Having reviewed its historical changes from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth century, and analysed its modern meaning and content, This paper puts forward and proves that the theoretical framework composed of "the right to appeal to war" and "the law of war" is the basic thinking and accepted method to study the legality of war, and analyzes the applicability of the theoretical framework to the study of the international law of computer network attack. The second chapter, "legal definition of computer network attack", introduces the background of the information age of computer network attack and the fragility of national information infrastructure. The meaning of the terms "information warfare" and "information warfare", "network" and "cyber" which are closely related to computer network attacks are analyzed, and the main definitions of "computer network attacks" that have appeared so far are analyzed and compared in detail. On this basis, the legal characteristics of "computer network attack" are summarized, and the operational means and methods of computer network attack are studied from the point of view of war law. Chapter III, "computer network attacks and the lawful use of force", discusses the application of computer network attacks to Article 2 (4) of the Charter of the United Nations by defining the meaning of "use of force". Put forward the condition that computer network attack constitutes "use of force", and on the basis of judging whether computer network attack can constitute "armed attack", The question of invoking Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations in self-defence against an "armed attack" by a computer is analysed. The fourth chapter, "computer network attack and the law of armed conflict", studies whether the computer network attack can constitute "armed conflict" from the point of view of the applicable conditions of the law of armed conflict. The relationship between the definition of "attack" in Geneva Convention and computer network attack is analyzed. How to implement the principle of distinction, the principle of military necessity and the principle of proportion of computer network attack are studied in detail. The fifth chapter, "Neutral problem of computer network attack", on the basis of advocating that the neutral system is still effective in modern international relations, discusses the fundamental cause of the neutral problem in computer network attack from the angle of information technology. Some concrete suggestions on how to solve these problems are given. Chapter VI, "International legislation on computer network attacks", summarizes the different views of the international community academia and governments on the international legislation of computer network attacks, and the necessity of legislation. The feasibility of content and form are analyzed, and some suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D995

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