論海上緊追權
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-21 08:08
【摘要】：21世紀是人類全面開發(fā)海洋的新時代，國際社會普遍以全新的目光關注和重視海洋。許多沿海國家紛紛從政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事、科技等方面加大對海洋開發(fā)和利用的力度。海洋權益的維護也相繼成為社會關注的焦點。《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》，在1982年第三次海洋法會議上通過，，該公約賦予了海洋國家更多的海洋權利，奠定了現(xiàn)代海洋制度的基礎。但是，要切實實現(xiàn)《公約》賦予的海洋權利，各沿海國還需要不斷采取措施加強執(zhí)行力量，完善執(zhí)法機制。其中海上緊追權（以下簡稱緊追權）就是國際法為保護沿海國的權益而賦予沿海國的一項重要的海洋執(zhí)法權。因此，為了有效維護我國海洋利益，弄清楚緊追權實施的相關程序，完善緊追權方面的立法體制，是非常重要的。 首先，本文介紹了有關緊追權的概念和性質(zhì)。指明緊追權實際上是沿海國在其管轄海域內(nèi)已經(jīng)開始的管轄權在公海的繼續(xù)和延伸，是公海自由原則和船旗國專屬管轄原則的例外。其次，介紹了緊追權的歷史發(fā)展以及國際上對緊追權的編纂活動。論述緊追權已成為一項重要的國際習慣，并且，隨著海洋法的發(fā)展，不斷完善。再次，介紹了緊追權的構成要件、實施程序。闡述了行使緊追權在不同海域的法律依據(jù)，正確地解釋“違法行為”和“充分理由”等用語，并對違法船舶位置的確定，停駛信號，緊追的即時性和連續(xù)性，緊追的終止，緊追過程中武力的使用，和違法緊追的責任進行了分析，并提出自己的見解。最后分析了我國有關緊追權立法現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題，指出我國有關緊追權的國內(nèi)立法與國際法中的相關規(guī)定相比較存在著一定的差距。我國有關緊追權的國內(nèi)立法存在分散，不統(tǒng)一的問題，缺乏切實可行的實施細則和程序性規(guī)定，同時海上執(zhí)法體制分散，執(zhí)法力量薄弱。這些問題在一定程度上阻礙了我國海洋事業(yè)的發(fā)展。針對這些問題，筆者認為應當制定出一部符合我國實際情況綜合性海上執(zhí)法法以完善我國的相關立法機制，維護海洋權益。 緊追權是維護我國海洋權益必不可少的工具。我國有關緊追權的法律規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在《中華人民共和國領海及毗連區(qū)法》、《中華人民共和國專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)和大陸架法》兩部法律中。但總體上講，我國有關緊追權的立法存在分散，不統(tǒng)一，缺乏可操作性的問題。這些問題勢必影響我國維護海洋權益的效率甚至會導致不應有的國際沖突。完善緊追權的國內(nèi)立法，加強緊追權的實施機制，有利于維護我國海洋權益，展示我國捍衛(wèi)海洋主權和維護海洋權益的決心和能力。
[Abstract]:The 21st century is a new era for human being to develop the ocean in an all-round way. The international community generally pays attention to the ocean with new eyes. Many coastal countries have increased their efforts in marine exploitation and utilization in political, economic, military, scientific and technological fields. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), adopted at the third Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1982, has given more ocean rights to ocean countries and laid the foundation of modern ocean systems. However, in order to realize the maritime rights conferred by the Convention, the coastal States need to take continuous measures to strengthen the enforcement force and improve the enforcement mechanism. Among them, the right of hot pursuit at sea (hereinafter referred to as "the right of hot pursuit") is an important maritime law enforcement right that international law gives to coastal states for the protection of the rights and interests of coastal States. Therefore, in order to protect our country's marine interests effectively, it is very important to make clear the relevant procedures of the implementation of the right of tight pursuit and to perfect the legislative system of the right of tight pursuit. First of all, this paper introduces the concept and properties of the right of tight pursuit. It is indicated that the right of tight pursuit is in fact the continuation and extension of the jurisdiction of the coastal State in the sea area under its jurisdiction and the exception of the principle of freedom of the high seas and the principle of exclusive jurisdiction of the flag State. Secondly, it introduces the historical development of the right of hot pursuit and the international compilation of the right of tight pursuit. It has become an important international custom to discuss the right of hot pursuit, and with the development of the law of the sea, it has been improved. Thirdly, the paper introduces the constitutive elements and implementation procedure of the right of tight pursuit. This paper expounds the legal basis for exercising the right of tight pursuit in different sea areas, correctly interprets the terms "illegal act" and "sufficient reason", and determines the position of the illegal ship, the stopping signal, the immediacy and continuity of the pursuit, and the termination of the hot pursuit. The use of force and the responsibility of illegal pursuit are analyzed and their own opinions are put forward. Finally, this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the legislation on the right of tight pursuit in our country, and points out that there is a certain gap between the domestic legislation on the right of tight pursuit and the relevant provisions of international law. China's domestic legislation on the right of hot pursuit is scattered and inconsistent, lacking practical rules and procedural provisions, and the maritime law enforcement system is scattered, and the enforcement power is weak. To some extent, these problems hinder the development of China's marine undertakings. In view of these problems, the author thinks that we should formulate a comprehensive maritime law enforcement law in accordance with the actual situation of our country in order to perfect the relevant legislative mechanism of our country and safeguard the rights and interests of the sea. The right of tight pursuit is an indispensable tool to safeguard the marine rights and interests of our country. The legal provisions concerning the right of hot pursuit are mainly embodied in the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the contiguous Zone, and the Law of the people's Republic of China on the exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf. But generally speaking, the legislation about the right of tight pursuit is scattered, inconsistent and lack of maneuverability. These problems will inevitably affect the efficiency of China's maritime rights and interests and even lead to undue international conflicts. Perfecting the domestic legislation and strengthening the implementation mechanism of the right of tight pursuit will help to safeguard the marine rights and interests of our country and demonstrate our country's determination and ability to defend the sovereignty of the sea and to safeguard the rights and interests of the sea.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D993.5
本文編號：2412465
[Abstract]:The 21st century is a new era for human being to develop the ocean in an all-round way. The international community generally pays attention to the ocean with new eyes. Many coastal countries have increased their efforts in marine exploitation and utilization in political, economic, military, scientific and technological fields. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), adopted at the third Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1982, has given more ocean rights to ocean countries and laid the foundation of modern ocean systems. However, in order to realize the maritime rights conferred by the Convention, the coastal States need to take continuous measures to strengthen the enforcement force and improve the enforcement mechanism. Among them, the right of hot pursuit at sea (hereinafter referred to as "the right of hot pursuit") is an important maritime law enforcement right that international law gives to coastal states for the protection of the rights and interests of coastal States. Therefore, in order to protect our country's marine interests effectively, it is very important to make clear the relevant procedures of the implementation of the right of tight pursuit and to perfect the legislative system of the right of tight pursuit. First of all, this paper introduces the concept and properties of the right of tight pursuit. It is indicated that the right of tight pursuit is in fact the continuation and extension of the jurisdiction of the coastal State in the sea area under its jurisdiction and the exception of the principle of freedom of the high seas and the principle of exclusive jurisdiction of the flag State. Secondly, it introduces the historical development of the right of hot pursuit and the international compilation of the right of tight pursuit. It has become an important international custom to discuss the right of hot pursuit, and with the development of the law of the sea, it has been improved. Thirdly, the paper introduces the constitutive elements and implementation procedure of the right of tight pursuit. This paper expounds the legal basis for exercising the right of tight pursuit in different sea areas, correctly interprets the terms "illegal act" and "sufficient reason", and determines the position of the illegal ship, the stopping signal, the immediacy and continuity of the pursuit, and the termination of the hot pursuit. The use of force and the responsibility of illegal pursuit are analyzed and their own opinions are put forward. Finally, this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the legislation on the right of tight pursuit in our country, and points out that there is a certain gap between the domestic legislation on the right of tight pursuit and the relevant provisions of international law. China's domestic legislation on the right of hot pursuit is scattered and inconsistent, lacking practical rules and procedural provisions, and the maritime law enforcement system is scattered, and the enforcement power is weak. To some extent, these problems hinder the development of China's marine undertakings. In view of these problems, the author thinks that we should formulate a comprehensive maritime law enforcement law in accordance with the actual situation of our country in order to perfect the relevant legislative mechanism of our country and safeguard the rights and interests of the sea. The right of tight pursuit is an indispensable tool to safeguard the marine rights and interests of our country. The legal provisions concerning the right of hot pursuit are mainly embodied in the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the contiguous Zone, and the Law of the people's Republic of China on the exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf. But generally speaking, the legislation about the right of tight pursuit is scattered, inconsistent and lack of maneuverability. These problems will inevitably affect the efficiency of China's maritime rights and interests and even lead to undue international conflicts. Perfecting the domestic legislation and strengthening the implementation mechanism of the right of tight pursuit will help to safeguard the marine rights and interests of our country and demonstrate our country's determination and ability to defend the sovereignty of the sea and to safeguard the rights and interests of the sea.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D993.5
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