北極海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-03 18:19
【摘要】：由于北極地區(qū)具有豐富的資源和特殊的地理位置,周邊各國(guó)對(duì)這一地區(qū)的爭(zhēng)奪由來(lái)已久。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后,全球氣候迅速變暖,北極地區(qū)冰雪加速消融,北極地區(qū)自然環(huán)境的變化使得這一地區(qū)的資源開(kāi)發(fā)成為可能。自2007年8月開(kāi)始,北極爭(zhēng)端再次升溫。北冰洋沿岸各國(guó)紛紛依據(jù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》,在北極地區(qū)大肆爭(zhēng)奪海洋權(quán)益。中國(guó)雖然距離北極地區(qū)較為遙遠(yuǎn),但是作為一個(gè)北半球國(guó)家,北極地區(qū)的形勢(shì)必然會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)產(chǎn)生深刻的影響,中國(guó)對(duì)這一發(fā)生在地球最北端的海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端不得不密切關(guān)注,因此,研究這個(gè)課題具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 筆者認(rèn)為,文中所探討的北極海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端可以這樣界定：1982年《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》實(shí)施后,北極地區(qū)相關(guān)國(guó)家在北緯66.5°以北海域追求主權(quán)權(quán)利,因劃分北冰洋海域所產(chǎn)生的主權(quán)權(quán)利要求范圍的重合而產(chǎn)生的糾紛。目前,北極海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端的焦點(diǎn)是北冰洋沿岸各國(guó)外大陸架的劃分,加拿大、丹麥、俄羅斯、挪威等國(guó)紛紛在北極海域主張200海里外大陸架權(quán)利,其法律依據(jù)都是建立在海洋法的基礎(chǔ)上,即各國(guó)對(duì)北極海域的權(quán)利主張基本都是以《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》作為其法律依據(jù)的。 筆者首先詳細(xì)地梳理了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者在北極海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端研究方面取得的成果,可以分為關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端起因的研究和爭(zhēng)端解決方式的研究；結(jié)合國(guó)際法方面的研究成果,把北極海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端的具體內(nèi)容全面地呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前：即除傳統(tǒng)的海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端外,北極地區(qū)海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端的焦點(diǎn)是200海里以外大陸架的劃界問(wèn)題,而引起爭(zhēng)端的法理依據(jù)主要是《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》；其次,對(duì)引起北極海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端的原因進(jìn)行了全面、細(xì)致的分析：從地緣戰(zhàn)略角度來(lái)講,北冰洋的軍事戰(zhàn)略?xún)r(jià)值無(wú)可比擬；從蘊(yùn)藏的資源來(lái)看,北極地區(qū)的油氣資源異常豐富；從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度來(lái)看,北極航道的前景十分誘人；然后,對(duì)各種可能解決爭(zhēng)端的模式進(jìn)行了總結(jié)、并對(duì)各種模式的可行性進(jìn)行了較為客觀的分析,力求呈現(xiàn)出所有主要解決模式的大致輪廓。最后,根據(jù)目前北極爭(zhēng)端的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),通過(guò)對(duì)中國(guó)、日本、歐盟等國(guó)家和國(guó)家組織對(duì)北極海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端態(tài)度的分析,對(duì)北極海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)端解決的前景進(jìn)行了分析和預(yù)測(cè),并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了中國(guó)的北極政策。
[Abstract]:Because the Arctic region has abundant resources and special geographical location, the neighboring countries have been fighting for this region for a long time. After entering the 21st century, the global climate is warming rapidly, the ice and snow in the Arctic region are melting rapidly, and the natural environment changes in the Arctic region make it possible to exploit the resources in this region. Since August 2007, the Arctic dispute has warmed up again. In accordance with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, countries along the Arctic Ocean are scrambling for maritime rights in the Arctic region. Although China is far from the Arctic region, as a country in the northern hemisphere, the situation in the Arctic region is bound to have a profound impact on China. China has to pay close attention to this dispute over maritime rights and interests that occurred at the northernmost tip of the earth. Therefore, the study of this topic has a very important practical significance. The author believes that the Arctic maritime rights and interests dispute discussed in this paper can be defined as follows: after the implementation of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the relevant countries in the Arctic region pursue the sovereign right in the sea area north of 66.5 擄N, A dispute arising from the overlapping of the scope of sovereignty claims arising from the division of the Arctic Ocean. At present, the focus of the Arctic maritime rights dispute is the division of the continental shelf of various foreign countries along the Arctic Ocean. Canada, Denmark, Russia, Norway and other countries have claimed the right to the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles in the Arctic Sea. Its legal basis is based on the law of the sea, that is, the claims of countries in the Arctic area are basically based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Firstly, the author makes a detailed review of the achievements made by domestic and foreign scholars in the research of Arctic maritime rights and interests dispute, which can be divided into two parts: the research on the cause of the dispute and the research on the dispute settlement method; Combined with the research results of international law, the specific contents of the Arctic maritime rights dispute are presented to the reader in a comprehensive way: in addition to the traditional maritime rights dispute, The focus of the dispute on maritime rights and interests in the Arctic region is the delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, and the legal basis for the dispute is mainly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; Secondly, the paper makes a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the causes of the dispute over the rights and interests of the Arctic Ocean: from the geo-strategic point of view, the military strategic value of the Arctic Ocean is unparalleled, and the Arctic region is rich in oil and gas resources from the point of view of the resources contained therein. From an economic point of view, the prospects for the Arctic waterway are very attractive; Then, the possible dispute settlement models are summarized, and the feasibility of each model is analyzed objectively, and the outline of all the main settlement modes is presented. Finally, according to the current development situation of the Arctic dispute, through the analysis of the attitude of China, Japan, the European Union and other countries and national organizations to the Arctic maritime rights dispute, the prospect of the Arctic maritime rights dispute settlement is analyzed and forecasted. On this basis, the Arctic policy of China is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D993.5
本文編號(hào)：2399726
[Abstract]:Because the Arctic region has abundant resources and special geographical location, the neighboring countries have been fighting for this region for a long time. After entering the 21st century, the global climate is warming rapidly, the ice and snow in the Arctic region are melting rapidly, and the natural environment changes in the Arctic region make it possible to exploit the resources in this region. Since August 2007, the Arctic dispute has warmed up again. In accordance with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, countries along the Arctic Ocean are scrambling for maritime rights in the Arctic region. Although China is far from the Arctic region, as a country in the northern hemisphere, the situation in the Arctic region is bound to have a profound impact on China. China has to pay close attention to this dispute over maritime rights and interests that occurred at the northernmost tip of the earth. Therefore, the study of this topic has a very important practical significance. The author believes that the Arctic maritime rights and interests dispute discussed in this paper can be defined as follows: after the implementation of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the relevant countries in the Arctic region pursue the sovereign right in the sea area north of 66.5 擄N, A dispute arising from the overlapping of the scope of sovereignty claims arising from the division of the Arctic Ocean. At present, the focus of the Arctic maritime rights dispute is the division of the continental shelf of various foreign countries along the Arctic Ocean. Canada, Denmark, Russia, Norway and other countries have claimed the right to the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles in the Arctic Sea. Its legal basis is based on the law of the sea, that is, the claims of countries in the Arctic area are basically based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Firstly, the author makes a detailed review of the achievements made by domestic and foreign scholars in the research of Arctic maritime rights and interests dispute, which can be divided into two parts: the research on the cause of the dispute and the research on the dispute settlement method; Combined with the research results of international law, the specific contents of the Arctic maritime rights dispute are presented to the reader in a comprehensive way: in addition to the traditional maritime rights dispute, The focus of the dispute on maritime rights and interests in the Arctic region is the delimitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, and the legal basis for the dispute is mainly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; Secondly, the paper makes a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the causes of the dispute over the rights and interests of the Arctic Ocean: from the geo-strategic point of view, the military strategic value of the Arctic Ocean is unparalleled, and the Arctic region is rich in oil and gas resources from the point of view of the resources contained therein. From an economic point of view, the prospects for the Arctic waterway are very attractive; Then, the possible dispute settlement models are summarized, and the feasibility of each model is analyzed objectively, and the outline of all the main settlement modes is presented. Finally, according to the current development situation of the Arctic dispute, through the analysis of the attitude of China, Japan, the European Union and other countries and national organizations to the Arctic maritime rights dispute, the prospect of the Arctic maritime rights dispute settlement is analyzed and forecasted. On this basis, the Arctic policy of China is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D993.5
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