【摘要】：聯(lián)合國哥本哈根氣候大會后,控制溫室氣體排放,發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟,已得到國際社會的普遍共識。在此背景下,以美國、歐盟為主導的發(fā)達國家紛紛出臺征收碳關(guān)稅的法案或指令,尋求以征收碳關(guān)稅的形式來改變?nèi)驓夂蜃兣瘑栴}。如美國2009年通過了《美國清潔能源安全法案》,規(guī)定美國有權(quán)對不實施碳減排限額國家出口到美國的產(chǎn)品征收碳關(guān)稅,法案從2020年開始實施。而歐盟也已于2008年通過了2008/101號指令,決定自2012年1月1日起,將航空運輸業(yè)納入歐盟溫室氣體排放交易體系,由此正式確立了航空碳關(guān)稅制度。究其實質(zhì),碳關(guān)稅乃是以環(huán)境保護為名,行貿(mào)易保護之實,不僅在經(jīng)濟上嚴重阻礙了我國的發(fā)展,更對我國的法制環(huán)境帶來了沖擊與挑戰(zhàn)。 面對這一嚴峻挑戰(zhàn),我國應(yīng)該未雨綢繆采取積極措施應(yīng)對。本文正是出于以上考慮,對碳關(guān)稅問題展開研究。 第一章針對碳關(guān)稅綠色貿(mào)易壁壘的特征進行了分析和論證。介紹了碳關(guān)稅現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因和固有特征,并從法律和實證角度論證碳關(guān)稅的國際違法性和壁壘性。第二章則分別介紹了歐盟與美國的碳關(guān)稅立法,并著重分析了兩者的異同,為我國有效應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅貿(mào)易壁壘提供了法律基礎(chǔ)。第三章探討了碳關(guān)稅實施后對我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和法制環(huán)境等帶來的挑戰(zhàn)和影響。第四章著重從法律角度提出應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅問題的有效對策。具體法律對策從國際法層面和國內(nèi)法層面展開,其中國際法層面主要是加強國際談判、推進自由貿(mào)易區(qū)合作、實施反制措施、充分運用WTO爭端解決機制、尋求豁免等；而國內(nèi)法層面則是完善我國應(yīng)對氣候變化的環(huán)境保護法律體系、啟動我國碳稅立法,提高我國應(yīng)對碳關(guān)稅的能力,從而維護我國的經(jīng)濟利益。
[Abstract]:After the United Nations Climate Conference in Copenhagen, the control of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of a low carbon economy have been generally agreed by the international community. Against this background, developed countries, led by the United States and the European Union, have introduced bills or directives to impose carbon tariffs, seeking to change global warming in the form of carbon tariffs. For example, the United States passed the Clean Energy Security Act in 2009, which provides that the United States has the right to impose carbon tariffs on products exported to the United States by countries that do not implement carbon abatement limits, which will come into effect in 2020. The European Union has also adopted the 2008 / 101 directive in 2008, and decided to bring the air transport industry into the EU greenhouse gas emissions trading system from January 1, 2012, thus formally establishing the aviation carbon tariff system. In essence, carbon tariff is in the name of environmental protection, which not only seriously hinders the development of our country in economy, but also brings impact and challenge to the legal environment of our country. In the face of this severe challenge, our country should plan ahead and take active measures to deal with it. For the above consideration, this paper studies carbon tariff. The first chapter analyzes and demonstrates the characteristics of carbon tariff green trade barrier. This paper introduces the causes and inherent characteristics of carbon tariff, and proves the international illegality and barrier of carbon tariff from the angle of law and demonstration. The second chapter introduces the carbon tariff legislation of the EU and the United States, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two, which provides a legal basis for China to deal effectively with the carbon tariff barriers. The third chapter discusses the challenges and impacts on China's economic development and legal environment after the implementation of carbon tariff. The fourth chapter puts forward the effective countermeasures to deal with the carbon tariff problem from the angle of law. The specific legal countermeasures are developed from the aspects of international law and domestic law, in which international law is mainly to strengthen international negotiations, promote free trade zone cooperation, implement countermeasures, make full use of the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO, seek exemption and so on. But the domestic law level is to perfect the environmental protection legal system of our country to deal with the climate change, start our country carbon tax legislation, improve our country's ability to deal with the carbon tariff, so as to safeguard our country's economic benefit.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條

1 劉建康;論低碳貿(mào)易壁壘的法律應(yīng)對[D];河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學;2013年

2 張志慧;歐盟航空碳排放交易指令的挑戰(zhàn)及其對策[D];大連海事大學;2013年

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本文編號：2395873