TRIPS與公共健康醫(yī)藥專利強(qiáng)制許可制度的作用
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the compulsory licensing system under WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), and analyzes how to narrow the gap between the patent protection of drugs and the goal of maintaining public health. How to effectively realize article 7 of the TRIPS Agreement: "the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights shall contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and the transfer and transmission of technology, as well as to the mutual benefit of the creator and use of technology," And to a certain extent contribute to social and economic well-being, as well as to the balance of rights and obligations. " Through the introduction of compulsory licensing measures to help the members who need to maintain public health, effectively use the compulsory licensing of patents to reduce the price of drugs, deal with public health problems, in order to achieve the patent protection of drugs and maintain the balance of public health. Brazil, for example, is a member of the TRIPS agreement Fang Zhi, a country that, through compulsory licensing, has successfully negotiated lower prices for patented medicines to maintain its public health. Member countries should recognize the importance of developing new drugs and protecting intellectual property rights. However, the developed countries on the member side are big pharmaceutical enterprises. They hope that all countries will strictly protect the interests of patentees and strictly require all countries to implement the obligations of TRIPS patent protection. Developing countries want maximum flexibility in the use of the TRIPS compulsory licensing system to give poor citizens access to affordable medicines. At present, although developing countries believe that the mandatory license terms of TRIPS are not very clear, there are many controversies, which hinder the effective implementation, but the mandatory licensing system of TRIPS has been widely used in the field of medicine. Expensive patented drugs are not available to poor patients in developing countries, which grant mandatory permits to generics companies to produce cheap generic drugs for expensive patented drugs. The compulsory license clause of TRIPS is an exception to patent protection, and the granting of compulsory license poses a certain threat to the protection of patent drugs. It may also affect the development of new drugs and huge investments by pharmaceutical companies in developed countries in this field. The TRIPS agreement attempts to incorporate patent protection into the common interests of patent holders and users, through the effective use of compulsory licenses, Balance the interests of patent holders and users. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the provisions of compulsory license in TRIPS Agreement, so that members can balance the interests of patent holders and public health through the effective use of compulsory licenses. Members are able to effectively use compulsory licensing to formulate and implement policies to address public health, which, as a law of the member parties, comply with their obligations under the TRIPS Agreement. Therefore, the discussion of the compulsory licensing system of pharmaceutical patents is the main content of this paper, especially for the member countries to achieve the balance between intellectual property law and public health policy through compulsory licensing system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D997.1
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