【摘要】：資源是人類社會(huì)賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),也是當(dāng)今國(guó)際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事和外交等關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。尤其是在經(jīng)歷了全球金融危機(jī)而經(jīng)濟(jì)亟待全面復(fù)蘇的背景下,自然資源貿(mào)易在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中更是占有舉足輕重的地位。 自改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),由于自然資源被長(zhǎng)期濫開(kāi)濫挖、重復(fù)開(kāi)發(fā)和降價(jià)賤賣,中國(guó)的自然資源浪費(fèi)十分嚴(yán)重。面對(duì)自然資源瀕臨枯竭的危險(xiǎn),為了經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,中國(guó)不得不采取自然資源出口保障措施。然而,作為最大的發(fā)展中貿(mào)易成員國(guó),中國(guó)的自然資源出口限制等措施損害了WTO其他成員國(guó)的相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,誘發(fā)了一系列貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端。2004年,由于不滿中國(guó)的焦炭出口配額等限制措施,歐盟向WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)提出申訴,以中國(guó)做出讓步告終。2009年,美國(guó)、歐盟、墨西哥等三個(gè)成員國(guó),又就中國(guó)自然資源限制出口提出申訴。 自然資源出口貿(mào)易之爭(zhēng)的實(shí)質(zhì)是國(guó)家利益之爭(zhēng),但是一旦將國(guó)際貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端提交WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu),則完全表現(xiàn)為法律規(guī)范問(wèn)題。中國(guó)要捍衛(wèi)本國(guó)的自然資源主權(quán)以及利用自然資源的權(quán)利,最可行的辦法就是援引GATT第20條等一般例外條款,以法律手段為基礎(chǔ)向WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)提起抗辯。 本文主要運(yùn)用了規(guī)范分析方法和案例分析方法,致力于研究中國(guó)自然資源出口貿(mào)易的保障措施事宜。對(duì)于GATT第20條(g)項(xiàng)和GATT第20條序言的適用條件的解釋,本文首先運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)范分析方法探討了法理問(wèn)題,接著嘗試結(jié)合GATT/WTO時(shí)期的進(jìn)出口限制方面的典型案例展開(kāi)分析,這是本文的創(chuàng)新之處。對(duì)于2004年的“中歐焦炭貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端”,本文在前文分析的基礎(chǔ)上,援引GATT第20條進(jìn)行自然資源出口保障的可行性分析。最后,針對(duì)中國(guó)的自然資源出口保障問(wèn)題,本文提出一些粗淺的對(duì)策建議以拋磚引玉。 本文寫作的基本框架是： 第一章是緒論,依次闡述了本文選題的背景和選題的意義,研究的思路和研究的方法,以及本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和不足之處。 第二章分析了中國(guó)自然資源出口限制的WTO法律規(guī)范問(wèn)題,依次介紹了中國(guó)自然資源出口限制案及其涉及的主要爭(zhēng)議問(wèn)題,分別從出口限制、出口稅和GATT第20條對(duì)《加入議定書》的適用性等方面,對(duì)中國(guó)自然資源出口保障作法理分析。 第三章是對(duì)GATT/WTO第20條相關(guān)內(nèi)容的解釋。首先是對(duì)GATT第20條(g)項(xiàng)的解釋：本文認(rèn)為,中國(guó)政府要成功援引GATT第20條(g)項(xiàng)則必須注意三個(gè)方面,一是必須針對(duì)屬于可用竭的自然資源,二是必須針對(duì)養(yǎng)護(hù)可用竭的自然資源,三是該措施要與國(guó)內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)或消費(fèi)一同實(shí)施；然后是對(duì)GATT第20條序言的解釋：一是闡述序言的目的與功能,二是專門介紹GATT第20條(g)款與序言之間的邏輯適用順序,三是從四個(gè)方面解釋GATT第20條序言。 第四章是援引GATT第20條進(jìn)行自然資源出口保障的可行性分析——以中歐焦炭貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端為例：首先綜述了中歐焦炭貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端的案情,然后對(duì)該案的相關(guān)措施與GATT第20條進(jìn)行相符性分析。 第五章是中國(guó)自然資源出口措施對(duì)策分析：一是確保資源出口限制措施契合GATT第20條；二是積極利用WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制,解決自然資源保障爭(zhēng)端；三是建立稀缺資源保護(hù)機(jī)制,為合理限制出口奠定基礎(chǔ)；四是完善資源保障措施的國(guó)內(nèi)立法,使其與WTO法律接軌。 第六章是結(jié)論,簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)了本文的基本內(nèi)容,寄望本文的對(duì)策建議能夠?qū)磳⒚鎸?duì)的稀土案和以后可能出現(xiàn)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Resources are the important material basis for the survival and development of human society, and it is also the focus of international politics, economy, military and diplomacy. In particular, in the context of experiencing the global financial crisis and the economy needs to be fully recovered, the trade of natural resources plays a very important role in international trade. Since the reform and opening-up, China's natural resources are wasted because of the long-term exploitation of natural resources, repeated development and low prices. China has to take the export of natural resources to ensure the sustainable development of the economy in the face of the danger that natural resources are on the verge of exhaustion, and for the sustainable development of the economy However, as the largest developing trade member, China's restrictions on the export of natural resources have hurt the relevant economic interests of other members of the WTO, leading to a series of trade disputes. In 2004, as a result of the restrictions on the export quotas of coke in China, In 2009, the European Union and the European Union, Mexico and other Member States, in turn, made a decision on the export of China's natural resources v. The essence of the competition in the export trade of natural resources is the competition of the national interests, but once the international trade dispute is submitted to the WTO dispute settlement institution, it is completely represented as the law. The most feasible way to safeguard the sovereignty of the natural resources of the country and to use the natural resources is to invoke the general exceptions such as the GATT Article 20 and provide the WTO Dispute Settlement Body with the legal means. This paper mainly uses the standard analysis method and the case analysis method, and is committed to the research of the protection of China's natural resources export trade In the light of the interpretation of the application conditions of Article 20 (g) of GATT and Article 20 of GATT, this paper first discusses the legal issues by using the traditional method of standard analysis, and then attempts to analyze the typical case of import and export restriction in the period of GATT/ WTO, which is the text of this paper. In the 鈥淪ino-European coke trade dispute鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2373536