北極核污染治理的法律問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-27 09:10
【摘要】：東西雙方進(jìn)行了長時間的冷戰(zhàn)之后,世界各個大國的核設(shè)施也在不停地向前進(jìn)步,北極這片土地因此蒙上了核污染的陰影。位于北極范圍內(nèi)的北冰洋的在環(huán)境方面的性質(zhì)也發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,漸漸由部分性變?yōu)槭澜缟细鱾�地方需要攜手直面的毀滅性遭遇。北冰洋的核污染,造成了海域內(nèi)周圍狀況的急劇衰退,此類別的放射狀況的物質(zhì)既侵?jǐn)_著海域內(nèi)生命物體的生存處境,更深的是擾亂了在海洋深處生活的物體與其整個生存狀態(tài)體系的協(xié)調(diào)和諧。最為重要的是在此中背景下,人類的體質(zhì)良好發(fā)展遭遇到威脅。整個地球上的物體運(yùn)動呈現(xiàn)出一定的規(guī)律性,洋流也是如此,因此北冰洋的核方面的污染物質(zhì)隨之?dāng)U散至世界的各個角落,其危害性也是世界性的。北極的整個生態(tài)境況很久以來都寄予著很大的利用潛能,可惜其也是特別容易受到干擾的,由此此地域內(nèi)的核污染處理對策的斟酌意味深長。與這些問題同步產(chǎn)生的還有所有各個國家在海域內(nèi)可利用能源的配置,海上交通要道的前景等都與北極核污染息息相關(guān),也是人類眼光放置的著力點(diǎn)。伴著北極蘊(yùn)藏的可用的潛在物質(zhì)的漸漸發(fā)掘,北極上新的海上道路的適用,人類逐步頻發(fā)的行為使得北極的靜謐安寧在一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的被侵?jǐn)_。北極領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的生命體狀況與整個地球上的其他地方相比更易被破壞,因此它的生態(tài)體系與全球的有著共呼吸的緊密聯(lián)系。以上這些都說明,在人類未來對北極內(nèi)的所有行為都要把保護(hù)生態(tài)作為第一要點(diǎn),也應(yīng)本著和平開發(fā),共謀合作的目標(biāo)行動,事先對各自的活動范圍和后果承擔(dān)加以確定,以防止各方產(chǎn)生沖突。為了使得北極的生態(tài)環(huán)境能夠得到永久的維持,一個關(guān)于北極的生態(tài)保護(hù)的國際性質(zhì)的法律規(guī)范的建立是必要的,當(dāng)然這尤其需要各個國家和組織的共同溝通與協(xié)作。核設(shè)施、核能運(yùn)用引發(fā)的多次核事件、核相關(guān)的恐怖主義等的日益發(fā)展給北極核污染治理帶來了更為嚴(yán)重的問題。北極核污染的應(yīng)對程序中,《倫敦公約》、《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》等國際性質(zhì)的條約起著至關(guān)重要的影響,北極理事會等與此緊密相連機(jī)構(gòu)和組織也對此奉獻(xiàn)出自己應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)。然而,北極給世界所帶來的可觀資源供給引發(fā)的各方爭戰(zhàn)越發(fā)激烈,集中表現(xiàn)在軍事污染來源的排除適用;國家責(zé)任的不當(dāng)免除;國際合作的限制等方面。對此,北極核污染治理的法律法規(guī)需要進(jìn)行逐步的完善來適應(yīng)目前所面臨的特殊境況。
[Abstract]:After a long cold war between the east and the west, the nuclear facilities of the world's great powers are moving forward, and the land of the Arctic has been overshadowed by nuclear pollution. The environmental nature of the Arctic Ocean in the Arctic has also changed from partial to devastating experiences in all parts of the world that need to be confronted hand in hand. The nuclear contamination of the Arctic Ocean has caused a sharp decline in the surrounding conditions in the sea area, and this type of radioactive material has invaded the living conditions of living objects in the sea area, What is more, it disturbs the harmony of objects living in the depths of the ocean and their whole living state system. The most important thing is that in this context, the good development of human constitution is threatened. The movement of objects on the whole earth is regular, and so is the ocean current. Therefore, the nuclear pollution of the Arctic Ocean spreads to every corner of the world, and its harmfulness is worldwide. The entire ecological environment of the Arctic has long placed great potential for utilization, but it is also particularly vulnerable to interference, so the nuclear pollution treatment in the region has profound implications. These problems are accompanied by the allocation of energy available to all countries in the sea area, the prospect of sea transportation routes and so on, which are closely related to the nuclear pollution of the Arctic, and are also the focus of human eyes. With the discovery of the potential material available in the Arctic, the application of new sea roads in the Arctic, and the frequent human behavior, the tranquillity of the Arctic is disturbed by a little bit. The state of life in the Arctic is more vulnerable to destruction than the rest of the planet, so its ecosystem is closely linked to global respiration. All this suggests that conservation of ecology should be the first priority for all future human behaviour in the Arctic, should also be based on the objective of peaceful development, cooperation and prior determination of the scope and consequences of their respective activities, To prevent conflict between the parties. In order to maintain the ecological environment of the Arctic permanently, it is necessary to establish an international legal norm on the ecological protection of the Arctic, which, of course, requires the joint communication and cooperation of various countries and organizations. The development of nuclear facilities, nuclear energy applications, nuclear incidents and nuclear related terrorism has brought more serious problems to the control of nuclear pollution in the Arctic. Treaties of an international nature, such as the London Convention and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, play a crucial role in the response procedures for nuclear pollution in the Arctic, The Arctic Council and other closely linked institutions and organizations also devote their responsibilities to it. However, the significant supply of resources brought by the Arctic to the world has led to more and more fierce fighting between the parties, mainly in the exclusion of the sources of military pollution, the improper exemption of national responsibility, and the restrictions on international cooperation, and so on. Therefore, the Arctic nuclear pollution control laws and regulations need to be improved step by step to adapt to the special situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.9
本文編號：2360176
[Abstract]:After a long cold war between the east and the west, the nuclear facilities of the world's great powers are moving forward, and the land of the Arctic has been overshadowed by nuclear pollution. The environmental nature of the Arctic Ocean in the Arctic has also changed from partial to devastating experiences in all parts of the world that need to be confronted hand in hand. The nuclear contamination of the Arctic Ocean has caused a sharp decline in the surrounding conditions in the sea area, and this type of radioactive material has invaded the living conditions of living objects in the sea area, What is more, it disturbs the harmony of objects living in the depths of the ocean and their whole living state system. The most important thing is that in this context, the good development of human constitution is threatened. The movement of objects on the whole earth is regular, and so is the ocean current. Therefore, the nuclear pollution of the Arctic Ocean spreads to every corner of the world, and its harmfulness is worldwide. The entire ecological environment of the Arctic has long placed great potential for utilization, but it is also particularly vulnerable to interference, so the nuclear pollution treatment in the region has profound implications. These problems are accompanied by the allocation of energy available to all countries in the sea area, the prospect of sea transportation routes and so on, which are closely related to the nuclear pollution of the Arctic, and are also the focus of human eyes. With the discovery of the potential material available in the Arctic, the application of new sea roads in the Arctic, and the frequent human behavior, the tranquillity of the Arctic is disturbed by a little bit. The state of life in the Arctic is more vulnerable to destruction than the rest of the planet, so its ecosystem is closely linked to global respiration. All this suggests that conservation of ecology should be the first priority for all future human behaviour in the Arctic, should also be based on the objective of peaceful development, cooperation and prior determination of the scope and consequences of their respective activities, To prevent conflict between the parties. In order to maintain the ecological environment of the Arctic permanently, it is necessary to establish an international legal norm on the ecological protection of the Arctic, which, of course, requires the joint communication and cooperation of various countries and organizations. The development of nuclear facilities, nuclear energy applications, nuclear incidents and nuclear related terrorism has brought more serious problems to the control of nuclear pollution in the Arctic. Treaties of an international nature, such as the London Convention and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, play a crucial role in the response procedures for nuclear pollution in the Arctic, The Arctic Council and other closely linked institutions and organizations also devote their responsibilities to it. However, the significant supply of resources brought by the Arctic to the world has led to more and more fierce fighting between the parties, mainly in the exclusion of the sources of military pollution, the improper exemption of national responsibility, and the restrictions on international cooperation, and so on. Therefore, the Arctic nuclear pollution control laws and regulations need to be improved step by step to adapt to the special situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.9
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