【摘要】：《煙草控制框架公約》是世界衛(wèi)生組織主持制定的第一個國際公約，因為是框架公約，所以需要各締約國通過制定或修改國內(nèi)立法履行該公約規(guī)定的控煙措施。同時要求締約國在公約對其生效后的五年內(nèi)采取適宜的立法、行政措施，并按規(guī)定向締約方會議報告。但是至今六年的時間里我國一直沒有出臺一部關于控煙的國家層面的法律。 在這個現(xiàn)實背景下，首先通過規(guī)范分析法對公約的減少煙草需求措施和減少煙草供應措施這兩大核心內(nèi)容進行研究和分析，公約的控煙措施既有積極方面影響也有消極方面的影響，可知控煙措施的力度其實也是經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益權衡的一個標尺。其次運用比較分析法對比美國、新加坡、德國的控煙立法得出我國現(xiàn)有的控煙措施的法律法規(guī)在立法層次和內(nèi)容完善上同上述國家有著差距。相比中央立法的缺失，我國的地方立法較為先進，北京、上海、天津、哈爾濱都出臺了控煙的地方條例。通過橫向?qū)Ρ纫陨纤膫�城市的控煙條例的禁煙區(qū)域、個人權利和工作場所人員權利及職責承擔方面內(nèi)容，得出這四個地方控煙條例的優(yōu)劣勢所在。 通過歸納分析法研究得出我國目前的控煙法律障礙在于一是控煙法律法規(guī)內(nèi)容不完善、法律法規(guī)適用范圍有限、法律責任不嚴，二是履約機制的領導機構既是運動員又是裁判員導致我國履行公約不積極。解決這些法律障礙首先要在立法上對內(nèi)容進行完善，尤其是在禁止煙草廣告、公共場所禁煙和煙草包裝及煙草稅收等方面，最后通過案例分析法得出我國應建立控煙措施的救濟和保障體系，，以更好的履行公約的要求。
[Abstract]:The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is the first international convention made under the auspices of the World Health Organization. Because it is a framework convention, it is necessary for all States parties to implement the tobacco control measures stipulated in the convention by making or modifying domestic legislation. States parties are also required to take appropriate legislative and administrative measures within five years of the entry into force of the Convention for them and to report to the Conference of the parties as required. But there has been no national-level law on tobacco control for six years. In this realistic context, first of all, through normative analysis of the Convention's tobacco demand reduction measures and tobacco supply reduction measures to carry out research and analysis of the two core elements, The tobacco control measures of the convention have both positive and negative effects. It can be seen that the intensity of tobacco control measures is also a yardstick of balancing economic and social benefits. Secondly, the comparative analysis method is used to compare the smoking control legislation of the United States, Singapore and Germany. It is concluded that the existing legislation and regulations of tobacco control measures in China are far from those of the above countries in terms of legislative level and content perfection. Compared with the absence of central legislation, China's local legislation is more advanced, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Harbin have issued smoking control local regulations. Through the horizontal comparison of the smoking control regulations of the above four cities, the content of the anti-smoking areas, the personal rights and the rights and responsibilities of the workers in the workplace, the advantages and disadvantages of the four local tobacco control regulations are obtained. Through the research of inductive analysis, the author finds that the main obstacles of smoking control in our country are: first, the content of tobacco control laws and regulations is not perfect, the scope of application of laws and regulations is limited, and the legal liability is not strict. The other is that the leading organization of the performance mechanism is both athlete and umpire, which causes our country not to carry out the convention actively. To solve these legal obstacles, we must first improve the content of the legislation, especially in the areas of banning tobacco advertising, banning smoking in public places and tobacco packaging and tobacco taxes, etc. Finally, through the case analysis, it is concluded that our country should establish the relief and safeguard system of tobacco control measures in order to better fulfill the requirements of the convention.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D99;D922.16

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