論軍艦的無害通過權
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-23 20:35
【摘要】：無害通過權是領海制度中的外國船舶享有的一項權利,是隨著領海制度的確立而逐漸發(fā)展起來的,是沿海國主權與外國船舶航行自由的一種妥協。1958年的《領海與毗鄰區(qū)公約》中規(guī)定了無害通過制度,1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》對其進行了完善。對于軍艦是否享有無害通過權,由于公約規(guī)定不是十分明確,因此無論是理論上,還是世界各國的實踐上,對于這個問題都是意見不一。 本文主要通過對1958年公約與1982年公約的比較以及1982年公約的條約解釋,確定兩公約是賦予了軍艦享有無害通過的權利；通過國家聲明效力、1982年公約的締結的歷史資料,證實“批準或通知”是符合1982年的公約規(guī)定的,并沒有改變公約賦予軍艦享有無害通過權的規(guī)則,只是一種防范外國軍艦“非無害”的程序性措施。針對我國相關法律可操作性不強,建議加強制定外國軍艦在我國領海無害通過程序性規(guī)范。 文章分為四個部分來論證“軍艦的無害通過權”： 第一部分簡單介紹無害通過制度的理論淵源、無害通過相關制度以及沿海國的權利義務。 第二部分確定軍艦領海通過的爭論焦點,提出自己的觀點。蘇聯前后的立場變化以及美蘇黑海事件、世界各國軍艦通過領海實踐的統計,都證實國際社會對軍艦是否應該享有無害通過權的主張不同,并提出公約賦予軍艦在他國領海無害通過權的觀點。 第三部分首先通過對1958年公約與1982年公約的比較,初步證實兩公約都賦予軍艦無害通過權；然后通過對1982年公約進行條約解釋,確定1982年公約規(guī)定軍艦享有無害通過權。再通過對國家聲明效力的分析和1982年公約締結的歷史資料,證實“批準或通知”符合1982年公約的規(guī)定,并不改變公約賦予軍艦享有無害通過權的規(guī)則,從而進一步證實軍艦享有無害通過權。 第四部分依據公約的有關條款,提出制定關于軍艦通過我國領海程序性規(guī)范的建議,更好地維護我國領海主權的安全。
[Abstract]:The right of innocent passage is a right enjoyed by foreign ships in the system of territorial sea, which has gradually developed with the establishment of the system of territorial sea. It is a compromise between the sovereignty of the coastal state and the freedom of navigation of foreign ships. The Convention on the Territorial Sea and adjacent zones of 1958 stipulates the system of innocent passage, which was perfected by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Whether warships enjoy the right of innocent passage, as the provisions of the Convention are not very clear, so whether in theory or in the practice of countries around the world, there are different opinions on this issue. Through the comparison between the 1958 Convention and the 1982 Convention and the treaty interpretation of the 1982 Convention, this paper determines that the two conventions endow warships with the right of innocent passage. The historical information on the conclusion of the 1982 Convention, through the validity of a State declaration, confirms that the "ratification or notification" is in conformity with the provisions of the 1982 Convention and does not alter the rules of the Convention granting warships the right of innocent passage, It is only a procedural measure to prevent foreign warships from being "non-harmless". In view of the weak maneuverability of the relevant laws of our country, it is suggested to strengthen the formulation of procedural norms for the harmless passage of foreign warships in the territorial waters of our country. The article is divided into four parts to demonstrate the "innocent passage right of warships": the first part briefly introduces the theoretical origin of the innocent passage system, the relevant system of innocent passage and the rights and obligations of the coastal States. The second part determines the point of contention about the passage of naval vessel's territorial sea and puts forward its own point of view. The changes in the Soviet Union's position before and after the Soviet Union, the Black Sea incident between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the statistics on the practice of warships in the world passing through the territorial sea confirm that the international community has different views on whether warships should enjoy the right of innocent passage And put forward the view that the treaty gives warships the right of innocent passage in the territorial waters of other countries. In the third part, by comparing the 1958 Convention with the 1982 Convention, it is preliminarily confirmed that the two conventions give warships the right of innocent passage, and then through the treaty interpretation of the 1982 Convention, it is determined that the 1982 Convention stipulates that warships enjoy the right of innocent passage. Further, through an analysis of the validity of a State declaration and historical information on the conclusion of the 1982 Convention, it is confirmed that the ratification or notification is in conformity with the provisions of the 1982 Convention and does not change the rules of the Convention granting warships the right of innocent passage, This further confirms that warships enjoy the right of innocent passage. In the fourth part, according to the relevant articles of the Convention, the author puts forward some suggestions on the procedure of warships passing through the territorial sea of our country, so as to better safeguard the security of China's territorial sea sovereignty.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D993.5
本文編號：2352617
[Abstract]:The right of innocent passage is a right enjoyed by foreign ships in the system of territorial sea, which has gradually developed with the establishment of the system of territorial sea. It is a compromise between the sovereignty of the coastal state and the freedom of navigation of foreign ships. The Convention on the Territorial Sea and adjacent zones of 1958 stipulates the system of innocent passage, which was perfected by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Whether warships enjoy the right of innocent passage, as the provisions of the Convention are not very clear, so whether in theory or in the practice of countries around the world, there are different opinions on this issue. Through the comparison between the 1958 Convention and the 1982 Convention and the treaty interpretation of the 1982 Convention, this paper determines that the two conventions endow warships with the right of innocent passage. The historical information on the conclusion of the 1982 Convention, through the validity of a State declaration, confirms that the "ratification or notification" is in conformity with the provisions of the 1982 Convention and does not alter the rules of the Convention granting warships the right of innocent passage, It is only a procedural measure to prevent foreign warships from being "non-harmless". In view of the weak maneuverability of the relevant laws of our country, it is suggested to strengthen the formulation of procedural norms for the harmless passage of foreign warships in the territorial waters of our country. The article is divided into four parts to demonstrate the "innocent passage right of warships": the first part briefly introduces the theoretical origin of the innocent passage system, the relevant system of innocent passage and the rights and obligations of the coastal States. The second part determines the point of contention about the passage of naval vessel's territorial sea and puts forward its own point of view. The changes in the Soviet Union's position before and after the Soviet Union, the Black Sea incident between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the statistics on the practice of warships in the world passing through the territorial sea confirm that the international community has different views on whether warships should enjoy the right of innocent passage And put forward the view that the treaty gives warships the right of innocent passage in the territorial waters of other countries. In the third part, by comparing the 1958 Convention with the 1982 Convention, it is preliminarily confirmed that the two conventions give warships the right of innocent passage, and then through the treaty interpretation of the 1982 Convention, it is determined that the 1982 Convention stipulates that warships enjoy the right of innocent passage. Further, through an analysis of the validity of a State declaration and historical information on the conclusion of the 1982 Convention, it is confirmed that the ratification or notification is in conformity with the provisions of the 1982 Convention and does not change the rules of the Convention granting warships the right of innocent passage, This further confirms that warships enjoy the right of innocent passage. In the fourth part, according to the relevant articles of the Convention, the author puts forward some suggestions on the procedure of warships passing through the territorial sea of our country, so as to better safeguard the security of China's territorial sea sovereignty.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D993.5
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