【摘要】：跨國犯罪的發(fā)生以及犯罪人員的跨國流動(dòng)，使犯罪已經(jīng)不僅僅是國內(nèi)現(xiàn)象，更成為一種國際現(xiàn)象。在犯罪國際化的趨勢日益凸顯的當(dāng)今，作為起步最早、發(fā)展最為成熟的國際司法協(xié)作制度，引渡在現(xiàn)實(shí)中的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)十分廣泛，并備受關(guān)注。然而，引渡是主權(quán)國家之間的國際合作和國際行為，不同主權(quán)國家之間其價(jià)值觀、司法制度以及具體實(shí)體法律規(guī)定等都不一致，為貫徹本國的價(jià)值觀，引渡的被請求國在接受引渡請求后，往往會在引渡中要附加一些條件，這也就是附條件引渡的由來。附條件引渡是引渡的被請求國在同意引渡的同時(shí)，要求請求國履行一定的條件，保證在引渡后實(shí)施某種行為或不得實(shí)施某種行為的引渡活動(dòng)。當(dāng)今引渡活動(dòng)中，附條件引渡已經(jīng)成為主體，鮮少有被請求國不附有任何條件即同意引渡的具體事例。本文共分五章，從以下幾個(gè)方面對附條件引渡進(jìn)行了研究。 本文第一章“國際引渡中附條件引渡的基本問題”，從幾個(gè)方面對附條件引渡制度的基本問題展開了研究，為之后附條件引渡具體研究打下了良好的視野和研究基礎(chǔ)。本章首先就引渡的基本問題展開研究，分析了引渡本身的內(nèi)涵和特征，以及與其他司法協(xié)助措施之間的區(qū)別和關(guān)系，并在此基礎(chǔ)上闡述了附條件引渡的概念。文章接著討論了在現(xiàn)代引渡制度中附條件引渡的定位、功能和作用，進(jìn)而分析了附條件引渡中引渡條件的類型以及各種范式，闡明了各種類型條件的基本特征和引渡范式的基本要件。本章還指出，附條件引渡的理論基礎(chǔ)是國家合作和國家利益原則，其價(jià)值取向是被請求國的政策導(dǎo)向、國家利益以及基本價(jià)值觀念，附條件引渡的核心和實(shí)質(zhì)，就是被請求國向請求國傳達(dá)自己國家的政策、理念和價(jià)值觀念的途徑。 本文第二章“附條件引渡的實(shí)現(xiàn)”，分析了附條件引渡的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程。附條件引渡首先應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循引渡的發(fā)起流程，即請求國向被請求國提出引渡請求，被請求國對請求國的請求進(jìn)行審查，對絕對不予引渡的情形進(jìn)行排除；然后在審查認(rèn)為可以引渡的情況下，被請求國向請求國提出附加的引渡條件，這一條件就是被請求國價(jià)值觀的載體和傳達(dá)途徑；請求國在收到被請求國提出的條件之后，可以選擇是否做出承諾，即是否答應(yīng)引渡的附加條件進(jìn)而獲取引渡，對于條件的承諾是附條件引渡實(shí)現(xiàn)的核心要素之一；請求國作出承諾之后，被請求國將對承諾進(jìn)行審查，判斷承諾是否有效真實(shí)，然后作出是否引渡的決定；在引渡完成之后，引渡承諾的兌現(xiàn)也是附條件引渡實(shí)現(xiàn)的重要內(nèi)容，即附加條件是否能夠得到切實(shí)的履行，這需要被請求國對此予以監(jiān)督。 本文第三章“實(shí)體附加條件”，探討了實(shí)體附加條件的具體內(nèi)涵和特征，并分析了實(shí)體附加條件中的幾種主要類型，即禁止死刑適用條件、限制定罪、限制量刑、執(zhí)行條件等。文章分析了這些條件的來源、背景、內(nèi)容以及具體的要求，并對這些條件的承諾及兌現(xiàn)的方式進(jìn)行了闡明。文章認(rèn)為，實(shí)體附加條件，，是被請求國向請求國提出的要求請求國為涉及犯罪人的定罪、量刑和行刑等問題不得做某事或必須做某事，并系準(zhǔn)予引渡之必要的條件，實(shí)體附加條件中最典型的條件是禁止判處死刑條件，不少國家基于本身廢除死刑的司法制度要求我國或他國接受引渡時(shí)必須保證不得判處死刑，對于不得判處死刑的條件的承諾，應(yīng)當(dāng)通過法定的形式；其承諾的監(jiān)督相對較為簡單，觀察請求國最終的司法結(jié)果即可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。 本文第四章“程序附加條件”，探討了程序附加條件的提出緣由和內(nèi)涵，并進(jìn)而分析了程序附加條件中的幾種主要類型，如限制追訴、重新審判、訴訟程序條件等。程序條件來源于被請求國對程序正義的追求，引渡活動(dòng)的開展要求被請求國事前實(shí)施犯罪的審查程序，為保證自己審查程序的有效性以及保護(hù)被引渡者權(quán)益的需要，請求國應(yīng)當(dāng)受追訴活動(dòng)的限制，以保證被引渡者的合法權(quán)益不受侵害。對于程序附加條件的承諾的兌現(xiàn)和監(jiān)督，應(yīng)當(dāng)注意由被請求國派員觀察，而不是簡單的材料審查方式。 本文第五章“我國對外附條件引渡的開展與中美引渡制度的比較”，分析了我國對外開展附條件引渡的具體狀況，如我國對外簽訂附條件引渡的合約狀況和公約狀況、我國對外開展附條件引渡制度的具體模式、我國在對外開展附條件引渡中面臨的難題等。進(jìn)而，本章通過翔實(shí)的案例分析了我國對外附條件引渡過程中面臨的難題以及具體的操作模式等。本章還對美國的引渡制度進(jìn)行了各方面的介紹，認(rèn)為美國的引渡活動(dòng)相比于中國的引渡活動(dòng)可借鑒性較大，靈活性更高，對于可引渡的條件，乃至接受被請求國引渡的條件都較為寬松。在此基礎(chǔ)上，文章分析了中國與美國開展引渡的主要幾方面情況，并認(rèn)為我國與美國之間的引渡活動(dòng)可以作為以后中國引渡活動(dòng)開展的典范。 在當(dāng)今社會，附條件引渡具有重要的意義，幾乎所有的引渡都存在附加條件的情況，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)對于附條件引渡中引渡的實(shí)現(xiàn)和相應(yīng)的承諾機(jī)制進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的研究，分析附條件引渡的實(shí)施過程、承諾過程乃至承諾監(jiān)督過程，從而最終對我國適應(yīng)和引進(jìn)附條件引渡制度提出自己的看法，更多的利用附條件引渡制度的開展，推動(dòng)跨國犯罪和境外犯罪分子的打擊力度，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)社會公平，維護(hù)國家主權(quán)。
[Abstract]:Transnational crime, as well as the transnational movement of criminal personnel, has made crime more than domestic phenomena and become an international phenomenon. Nowadays, as the earliest and most mature international judicial cooperation system, the application of extradition in reality has been very wide and has attracted much attention. Extradition is, however, inconsistent with international cooperation and international acts between sovereign States, their values, the judicial system and the legal provisions of specific entities, etc., in order to carry out their own values, the requested State for extradition shall, upon accepting the request for extradition, There are often conditions to be added in the extradition, which is the result of conditional extradition. If extradition is the subject of extradition, the requested State, while agreeing to extradition, requires the requesting State to fulfil certain conditions to ensure that a certain act or extradition of a certain act cannot be carried out after extradition. In today's extradition activities, conditional extradition has become the subject, and there are few specific examples of consent to extradition if the requested State does not have any conditions. In this paper, the conditional extradition is studied in the following aspects. This paper Chapter 1 Basic Law on Extradition of Conditional Extradition in International Extradition On the basis of several aspects, the author studies the basic problems of conditional extradition system, and lays a good field of view and study for the specific study of conditional extradition. This chapter begins with the study of the basic problems of extradition, analyzes the connotation and characteristics of extradition itself, and the difference and relation between the other judicial assistance measures, and then expounds the conditional extradition. The article then discusses the localization, function and function of conditional extradition in the modern extradition system, and then analyzes the types of extradition conditions in the conditional extradition and the patterns of extradition, and expounds the basic characteristics of various kinds of conditions and the basic theory of extradition. This chapter also points out that the theoretical basis of conditional extradition is the principle of State cooperation and national interest, its value orientation is the policy orientation of the requested country, the national interest and the basic values, the core and essence of conditional extradition is the request of the requesting State to communicate its own country to the requesting country Policy, ideas and values Ways. Chapter II "Attached Conditions" The Realization of Extradition and the Analysis of the Conditional Extradition The process of implementation of the conditional extradition should first be followed by the process of initiation of the extradition, that is, the request for extradition from the requesting State to the requested State, the request of the requesting State to review the request of the requesting State, exclusion of the absolute non-extradition situation, and, in the view of the review, that it may be cited In the case of a crossing, the requested State submits additional extradition conditions to the requesting State, which is the carrier and means of communication of the values of the requested State; upon receipt of the conditions set forth by the requesting State, the requesting State may choose whether to make a commitment, i.e., whether to grant additional conditions for extradition To obtain extradition, a commitment to a condition is one of the core elements of conditional extradition; upon the request of the requesting State, the requested State will review the commitment to determine whether the commitment is valid or not, and then make a decision whether to extradite or not; and After the completion of the crossing, the fulfilment of the obligation to extradite is also an important part of the conditional extradition, that is, whether the conditions can be effectively fulfilled, which needs the requested State. This will be monitored in that third part of this article, The article discusses the specific connotation and characteristics of the entity conditionality, and analyzes several main types of the physical condition of the entity, i.e. prohibiting the application of the death penalty, restricting the conviction and the restriction. The article analyzes the origin, background, content and specific requirements of these conditions, and puts forward the promises and casements of these conditions. The article holds that the attached condition of the entity is the request of the requesting State to request the requesting country to do something or have to do something or have to do something and grant it to the requesting country. The most typical conditions for extradition are the prohibition of the imposition of the conditions of capital punishment, and a number of States, on the basis of their own judicial system for the abolition of the death penalty, require that the State or his State must ensure that the death penalty is not to be imposed, and that the commitment to the conditions that are not subject to the death penalty shall be When a statutory form is adopted, the supervision of its commitment is relatively simple, observing the final division of the requesting State The results of the method can to implement. In the fourth chapter, the author probes into the origin and connotation of procedural conditions, and then analyzes several main types of procedural conditionalities, such as limitation prosecution, weight, etc. New trial, procedural conditions, etc. The procedural conditions are derived from the pursuit of procedural justice by the requested State, the launching of extradition activities, the procedure for the review of crimes committed before the requested State, and the request to ensure the effectiveness of the proceedings and the need to protect the rights and interests of the persons to be extradited The State shall be subject to the limitation of prosecution activities in order to ensure that it is cited The lawful rights and interests of the crossing shall not be infringed. For the redemption and supervision of the commitments under the conditions attached to the procedure, it shall be noted that the requested State shall appoint personnel to observe it, and It's not easy. The Methods of Material Review: Chapter Five of the Present Conditions of China's External Conditions The article analyzes the specific conditions of extradition in foreign countries outside China, such as the status of the contract and the status of the convention, the specific model of the conditional extradition system outside China, and our country's foreign policy. In this chapter, the author analyzes the surface of the extradition process of foreign conditional extradition in China. This chapter also introduces the extradition system of the United States. It is concluded that the extradition activities in the United States are of great reference and flexibility compared with the extradition activities in China. On this basis, the article analyzes the main aspects of extradition between China and the United States, and considers that the extradition activities between China and the United States can be done. As a model for future extradition activities in China, it is of great significance to the extradition of conditional extradition in today's society, and almost all extradition has attached conditions. Therefore, it should be carried out for the realization of extradition in the conditional extradition and the corresponding commitment mechanism. The study, analysis and analysis of the implementation process, the commitment process and the commitment supervision process of the conditional extradition will finally put forward their own views on China's adaptation and introduction of the conditional extradition system, more use the conditional extradition system, and promote transnational crime and foreign crime. The Percussion of Crime Molecules
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D998.2;D915.3


本文編號：2263139