【摘要】：改革開放以來，中國對外貿(mào)易迅速騰飛，貿(mào)易順差不斷擴(kuò)大。各國為了自身經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的需要，加強(qiáng)了對來自中國的產(chǎn)品實(shí)施貿(mào)易保護(hù)的力度。相對于關(guān)稅保護(hù)措施，非關(guān)稅貿(mào)易措施更被各國所運(yùn)用，在這些非關(guān)稅貿(mào)易措施中，針對中國的反補(bǔ)貼措施是最近幾年才開始的。由于反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查只針對市場經(jīng)濟(jì)，因此沒有對中國的反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查。但從2004年加拿大對我國戶外燒烤架進(jìn)行反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查開始，各國相繼承認(rèn)中國的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)地位或修改國內(nèi)的反補(bǔ)貼法以方便對中國展開反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查，針對中國的反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查不斷增加并迅速蔓延。 中國作為發(fā)展中國家，雖然經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了巨大的發(fā)展，但中國產(chǎn)業(yè)還處于萌芽發(fā)展時(shí)期，從自身的基本國情出發(fā)制定適合幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的政府扶持政策是這些產(chǎn)業(yè)成熟壯大的必要手段。補(bǔ)貼作為中國政府促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政策措施有其存在的合理性。但中國政府在加入WTO時(shí)承諾，中國在入世后應(yīng)取消與WTO《SCM協(xié)定》不相符的補(bǔ)貼措施。雖然，我國在入世后對大量的補(bǔ)貼措施進(jìn)行了修改和清理，但是地方各級政府還存在大量的出口補(bǔ)貼措施，這些補(bǔ)貼措施成為他國對中國產(chǎn)品發(fā)起反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查的隱患。面對各國針對我國出口產(chǎn)品的反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查，本文試圖以案例分析的形式，探討我國產(chǎn)品遭遇他國反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查所爭論的焦點(diǎn)問題，，其所涉及的法律問題，就如何完善我國有關(guān)補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼措施提出建議，以應(yīng)對各國的反補(bǔ)貼調(diào)查。本文由引言、正文、結(jié)語三部分組成。引言主要分析選題的原因及研究的目的和意義。結(jié)語是在分析了案例之后，得出的結(jié)論及對將來的反補(bǔ)貼前景進(jìn)行分析。正文由五部分組成的： 第一部分“案由”。美國、危地馬拉、墨西哥等訴中國的“名牌”產(chǎn)品補(bǔ)貼案。 第二部分“案情介紹”。這部分首先說明了案例的來源及涉案的各方，然后介紹整個(gè)案件的進(jìn)程，最后重點(diǎn)說明案件中涉及了哪幾類中國各級政府的措施。 第三部分“本案爭議之焦點(diǎn)和雙方之分歧”。這部分是圍繞本案中各方的爭論焦點(diǎn)展開的，本案中雙方爭論的焦點(diǎn)問題有三個(gè)，即：政府給予企業(yè)的獎(jiǎng)金、補(bǔ)助等措施是否構(gòu)成WTO《SCM協(xié)定》下的出口補(bǔ)貼；政府的鼓勵(lì)政策是否違反中國在WTO協(xié)定中的相關(guān)義務(wù)；地方政府政策措施能否構(gòu)成《WTO協(xié)定》中的措施。該部分圍繞本案雙方爭論的焦點(diǎn)問題進(jìn)行分析介紹。 第四部分“爭議所涉相關(guān)問題之理論研究”。該部分首先介紹了WTO《SCM協(xié)定》下關(guān)于補(bǔ)貼的定義及分類，重點(diǎn)介紹補(bǔ)貼的專向性及禁止性補(bǔ)貼，以方便對是否存在補(bǔ)貼做出判斷。接下來就本案涉及的補(bǔ)貼方面的法律問題在《SCM協(xié)定》和《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)定》項(xiàng)下分別進(jìn)行分析。 第五部分“完善我國補(bǔ)貼和反補(bǔ)貼規(guī)則之建議”。該部分首先對上述案例中反映出的我國補(bǔ)貼和反補(bǔ)貼現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題進(jìn)行總結(jié)，根據(jù)中國的現(xiàn)狀來看，不能全盤否定補(bǔ)貼，在中國補(bǔ)貼有其存在的合理性，接下來是針對中國補(bǔ)貼和反補(bǔ)貼的不足方面提出一些完善的建議，以有助于中國完善補(bǔ)貼制度和更好地應(yīng)對他國的反補(bǔ)貼措施。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening-up, China's foreign trade has taken off rapidly and the trade surplus has been expanding. In order to meet the needs of their own economic interests, countries have strengthened the enforcement of trade protection against products from China. Compared with tariff protection measures, non-tariff trade measures are more used by countries. In these non-tariff trade measures, anti-subsidy measures against China have not started in recent years. As anti-subsidy investigations only target market economy, there is no countervailing investigation into China. But from 2004, Canada began a countervailing investigation on our outdoor barbecue grill, which countries recognized China's market economy status or modified domestic anti-subsidy law to facilitate the anti-subsidy investigation of China, and the anti-subsidy investigation against China has been increasing and spreading rapidly. As a developing country, China, as a developing country, has made great progress in the economy, but the Chinese industry is still in the embryonic development period. From its own basic situation, it is necessary to formulate the government support policy suitable for the development of the juvenile industry Means and subsidies as the policy measures of the Chinese government to promote economic development However, when China joins WTO, the Chinese government promises that China should cancel the subsidies that do not accord with the WTO
本文編號：2260030

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