涉外食品侵權責任的國際私法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-11 14:59
【摘要】：食品行業(yè)作為滿足人們基本需求的基礎性行業(yè)，在國民經濟中處于最基礎的地位，隨著國民生活水平的不斷提高，人們對食品的品質和標準要求顯得越來越高。三鹿奶粉事件之后，許多國內消費者的消費取向轉向“國際品牌”的懷抱。進口食品是否安全不僅決定了國際間的食品交易能否順利進行，還將在一定程度上影響國家之間的政治利益，缺陷食品的進口還將給消費者帶來不可估量的損失。作為弱勢一方的中國消費者，在發(fā)生糾紛發(fā)生之后很難同實力雄厚的跨國公司相抗衡，想通過平等地協(xié)商談判已屬不易，即便試圖通過提起民事訴訟來維護自己正當?shù)臋嘁�，維權之路卻顯得艱辛漫長，最后有可能出現(xiàn)“贏了官司卻賠錢”的局面。這一現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，歸根結底是由于侵權行為發(fā)生在中國境內，根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的沖突法規(guī)則，一般中國法律將得到適用，而中國關于消費者保護的法律不完善，保護水平較低，導致實踐中忽視了涉外消費侵權與一般民事侵權的區(qū)別，忽視了涉外消費侵權案件的特殊性與復雜性。因此根據(jù)我國國情來完善我國涉外食品侵權法律制度顯得尤為重要，據(jù)此，本文除引言和結語之外，分為三個部分： 第一章是問題的提出。首先從法律的層面對涉外食品侵權責任的相關概念作出界定，然后對我國司法實踐現(xiàn)狀作出詳細的論述，從涉外食品侵權法律制度的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展和存在的問題兩個方面； 第二章對美國及歐洲的涉外產品責任法律制度進行了詳細的比較研究。從美國《第一次沖突法重述》到《第二次沖突法重述》的蛻變分析，，再從歐洲的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則到現(xiàn)代規(guī)則的分析，再到《海牙公約》的法律適用規(guī)則概述，最后總結出國際立法趨勢； 第三章是關于完善我國涉外食品侵權法律制度的國際法思考。本章首先闡述了完善涉外食品侵權法律制度的理論基礎，其次對完善我國涉外食品侵權法律制度提出來具有建設性的幾點建議。
[Abstract]:Food industry as the basic industry to meet the basic needs of people, in the national economy in the most basic position, with the continuous improvement of the national standard of living, the quality and standard of food is becoming more and more demanding. After Sanlu milk powder incident, many domestic consumer's consumption orientation turns to the "international brand" embrace. The safety of imported food not only determines whether the international food trade can be carried out smoothly, but also affects the political interests of countries to a certain extent. The import of defective food will also bring incalculable losses to consumers. As a weak party, Chinese consumers can hardly compete with powerful multinational corporations after disputes occur, and it is not easy to negotiate on an equal footing, even if they try to defend their legitimate rights and interests by filing civil proceedings. But the road to rights-safeguarding appears to be long and difficult, and may eventually appear "win the case but lose money" situation. In the final analysis, the occurrence of this phenomenon is due to the fact that the tort occurred in the territory of China. According to the existing rules of conflict of laws, general Chinese laws will be applied, while China's laws on consumer protection are imperfect and the level of protection is relatively low. In practice, the difference between foreign consumption tort and general civil tort is ignored, and the particularity and complexity of foreign consumption tort cases are ignored. Therefore, it is particularly important to perfect the foreign food tort legal system according to the national conditions of our country. According to this, this paper is divided into three parts except the introduction and conclusion: the first chapter is the question. First of all, it defines the concept of food tort liability from the legal level, and then makes a detailed discussion on the current situation of judicial practice in our country, from the current situation and development of the foreign food tort legal system and the existing problems. The second chapter makes a detailed comparative study on the legal system of foreign product liability in the United States and Europe. From the American restatement of the first conflict of laws to the restatement of the second conflict of laws, and from the analysis of the European traditional rules to the modern rules, to the summary of the applicable rules of the Hague Convention, Finally, the trend of international legislation is summarized; the third chapter is about the improvement of foreign food tort legal system in international law. This chapter firstly expounds the theoretical basis of perfecting the foreign food tort legal system, and then puts forward some constructive suggestions for perfecting the foreign food tort legal system in our country.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D997.1
本文編號：2237027
[Abstract]:Food industry as the basic industry to meet the basic needs of people, in the national economy in the most basic position, with the continuous improvement of the national standard of living, the quality and standard of food is becoming more and more demanding. After Sanlu milk powder incident, many domestic consumer's consumption orientation turns to the "international brand" embrace. The safety of imported food not only determines whether the international food trade can be carried out smoothly, but also affects the political interests of countries to a certain extent. The import of defective food will also bring incalculable losses to consumers. As a weak party, Chinese consumers can hardly compete with powerful multinational corporations after disputes occur, and it is not easy to negotiate on an equal footing, even if they try to defend their legitimate rights and interests by filing civil proceedings. But the road to rights-safeguarding appears to be long and difficult, and may eventually appear "win the case but lose money" situation. In the final analysis, the occurrence of this phenomenon is due to the fact that the tort occurred in the territory of China. According to the existing rules of conflict of laws, general Chinese laws will be applied, while China's laws on consumer protection are imperfect and the level of protection is relatively low. In practice, the difference between foreign consumption tort and general civil tort is ignored, and the particularity and complexity of foreign consumption tort cases are ignored. Therefore, it is particularly important to perfect the foreign food tort legal system according to the national conditions of our country. According to this, this paper is divided into three parts except the introduction and conclusion: the first chapter is the question. First of all, it defines the concept of food tort liability from the legal level, and then makes a detailed discussion on the current situation of judicial practice in our country, from the current situation and development of the foreign food tort legal system and the existing problems. The second chapter makes a detailed comparative study on the legal system of foreign product liability in the United States and Europe. From the American restatement of the first conflict of laws to the restatement of the second conflict of laws, and from the analysis of the European traditional rules to the modern rules, to the summary of the applicable rules of the Hague Convention, Finally, the trend of international legislation is summarized; the third chapter is about the improvement of foreign food tort legal system in international law. This chapter firstly expounds the theoretical basis of perfecting the foreign food tort legal system, and then puts forward some constructive suggestions for perfecting the foreign food tort legal system in our country.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D997.1
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